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Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions最新文献

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Metformin for Tuberculosis Infection 二甲双胍治疗肺结核感染
Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99794
Bernadette Dian Novita, Ari Christy Mulyono, F. Erwin
{"title":"Metformin for Tuberculosis Infection","authors":"Bernadette Dian Novita, Ari Christy Mulyono, F. Erwin","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99794","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), remains the biggest infection burden in the word. Rifampin (RIF) and Isoniazid (INH) are the most effective antibiotics for killing M.tb. However, the resistance rate of rifampin and INH are high and lead to almost 35% treatment failure. Metformin enhanced anti tuberculosis efficacy in killing M. tuberculosis through several mechanism, firstly through autophagia mechanism and secondly by activating superoxide dismutase (SOD). Metformin activated mTOR and AMPK then induced more effective autophagy against M.tb. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme produced in the host’s antioxidant defense system. SOD neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) that excessively produced during phagocytosis process against M.tb. Excessive production of ROS associated with Th1 overactivation and leads into macrophage activity inhibition and excessive tissue damage. Metformin has ability in improving SOD level during inflammation.","PeriodicalId":372549,"journal":{"name":"Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134218319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Metformin 二甲双胍的临床药代动力学
Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99343
T. Sheleme
{"title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Metformin","authors":"T. Sheleme","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99343","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin, the only biguanide oral antidiabetic agent available, was first used clinically in the late 1950s. Metformin remains the first-line pharmacologic treatment for type 2 diabetes patients. It can be used as a single agent or in combination therapy with other antidiabetes agents, including insulin. Metformin is absorbed predominately from the small intestine. It is rapidly distributed following absorption and does not bind to plasma proteins. It is excreted unchanged in urine. The elimination half-life of Metformin during multiple dosages in patients with good renal function is approximately 5 hours.","PeriodicalId":372549,"journal":{"name":"Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129682244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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