Journal of Brain and Nerves最新文献

Electrophysiological and Morphological Studies of SOD1 Transgenic Mice: An Animal Model of ALS SOD1转基因小鼠ALS动物模型的电生理和形态学研究

Journal of Brain and Nerves Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.31487/j.jbn.2021.01.03

D. Carpenter, N. Hori, Y. Tan, Z. Xu, N. Akaike

{"title":"Electrophysiological and Morphological Studies of SOD1 Transgenic Mice: An Animal Model of ALS","authors":"D. Carpenter, N. Hori, Y. Tan, Z. Xu, N. Akaike","doi":"10.31487/j.jbn.2021.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.jbn.2021.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease where upper and lower motor neurons die, and it is often associated with mutations of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). We have used mouse models to compare physiologic and morphologic characteristics of cervical motor neurons in wild-type and mutant animals. Slices of the cervical spinal cord were prepared from old wild-type and mutant G93A and G85R mice, and intracellular recordings of membrane potential, resistance and responses to application of excitatory neurotransmitters were studied. Some motor neurons were injected with Lucifer Yellow for morphological analysis. There were no significant differences between membrane potential in the SOD1 mutants and aged wild-type mice, but membrane resistance was somewhat higher in the mutant motor neurons. Dendrites of the mutant motor neurons were not responsive to ionophoretic application of excitatory amino acids, although the cell body responded strongly. In Lucifer-filled cells, the dendrites were found to disappear. Mutant motor neurons were sometimes spontaneously active. Responses of mutant motor neurons to perfused glutamate with varying calcium concentrations in the Ringer’s solution were different from those of the wild-type cells.","PeriodicalId":371530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brain and Nerves","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133348217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiological and Pharmacological Studies on Cervical Motor Neurons in Slices Prepared from Neonatal and Aged Mice 新生和老年小鼠颈运动神经元切片的生理药理研究

Journal of Brain and Nerves Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.31487/j.jbn.2021.01.02

N. Hori, Z. Xu, N. Akaike, Y. Tan, D. Carpenter

引用次数: 0

Spinal Cord Compression Due to Hypertrophic Dorsal Pachymeningitis in a Patient with ANCA + Vasculitis ANCA +血管炎患者增生性背侧厚性脑膜炎所致脊髓压迫

Journal of Brain and Nerves Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.31487/j.jbn.2021.01.01

J. P. Martínez Barbero, M. Revelles-Paniza, P. Perez-Naranjo

引用次数: 0

Embarking on Discovering the Mechanisms of Resilience: Combining Language Use Analysis with Neuroscience 探究心理弹性的机制:语言使用分析与神经科学的结合

Journal of Brain and Nerves Pub Date : 2020-08-20 DOI: 10.31487/j.jbn.2020.01.06

G. Todorov, Karthikeyan Mayilvahanan, Catarina Cunha

{"title":"Embarking on Discovering the Mechanisms of Resilience: Combining Language Use Analysis with Neuroscience","authors":"G. Todorov, Karthikeyan Mayilvahanan, Catarina Cunha","doi":"10.31487/j.jbn.2020.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.jbn.2020.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Novel treatments in mental health focus on one’s ability to recover and develop resilience. Current concepts\u0000are based on The Adaptations Level Theory, which describes the ability of resilient individuals to accustom\u0000to new and even downgraded conditions as the new standard, find meaning in trauma, and adapt to new\u0000social settings. However, it is not known which treatments specifically help to build up resilience in patients\u0000and how to reliably screen for it. We hypothesize that by analyzing mechanisms of behavior and physiology\u0000in resilient individuals, we will be able to strengthen these in people that are struggling to bounce back.\u0000Recent studies demonstrated that distinct patterns of language use correlated with various mental health\u0000conditions. Utilizing text samples from Holocaust survivors, we compared language use in resilient\u0000individuals to people with PTSD and the general population. The Holocaust survivors' language use was\u0000significantly different from PTSD sufferers, which suggests that we detected a possible resilience word use\u0000pattern. Next, we looked into the brain circuitry mechanisms that could be involved in resilience. We found\u0000that norepinephrine, the key neurotransmitter in stress response, modulated the activity of amygdala\u0000circuitry in a non-linear concentration-dependent manner. The shape and other characteristics of this\u0000dependency could be associated with the capacity for resilience.","PeriodicalId":371530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brain and Nerves","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128400148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0