{"title":"How blockchains can help legal metrology","authors":"Wilson S. Melo, A. Bessani, L. D. C. Carmo","doi":"10.1145/3152824.3152829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152824.3152829","url":null,"abstract":"Legal metrology embraces the regulation and control of measuring instruments (MI) used in a diversity of applications including industry, transportation, commerce, medical care and environment protection [3]. Only in Europe, MI are responsible for an annual turnover of more than 500 billion Euros [1]. In developing countries, MI demand has increased substantially due to the adoption of technologies and methods well established in developed countries [3]. MI also can be seen as elementary build blocks for new technologies such as smart grids, Internet of Things and cyber physical systems [1, 2]. Thus legal metrology is crucial to assure the correctness of measurements, protecting the economic system while regulating consumer relations and enhances MI reliability [2].","PeriodicalId":371051,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122225748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EPBC: Efficient Public Blockchain Client for lightweight users","authors":"Lei Xu, Lin Chen, Zhimin Gao, Shouhuai Xu, W. Shi","doi":"10.1145/3152824.3152825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152824.3152825","url":null,"abstract":"Public blockchains provide a decentralized method for storing transaction data and have many applications in different sectors. In order for a user to track transactions, a simple method is that every user keeps a local copy of the entire public ledger. Since the size of a ledger keeps growing, this method becomes increasingly less practical, especially for lightweight users such as IoT devices and smartphones. In order to deal with this problem, there have been some proposals. However, existing solutions either achieve a limited storage reduction (e.g., simple payment verification), or rely on some strong security assumption (e.g., the use of trusted server). We propose EPBC, a novel and efficient transaction verification scheme for public ledgers, which only requires lightweight users to store a small amount of data that is independent of the size of the blockchain. We analyze EPBC's performance and security, and discuss its integration with existing public ledger systems. Experimental results confirm that EPBC is practical for lightweight users.","PeriodicalId":371051,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"39 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124146442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felix Engelmann, Henning Kopp, F. Kargl, Florian Glaser, Christof Weinhardt
{"title":"Towards an economic analysis of routing in payment channel networks","authors":"Felix Engelmann, Henning Kopp, F. Kargl, Florian Glaser, Christof Weinhardt","doi":"10.1145/3152824.3152826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152824.3152826","url":null,"abstract":"Payment channel networks are supposed to overcome technical scalability limitations of blockchain infrastructure by employing a special overlay network with fast payment confirmation and only sporadic settlement of netted transactions on the blockchain. However, they introduce economic routing constraints that limit decentralized scalability and are currently not well understood. In this paper, we model the economic incentives for participants in payment channel networks. We provide the first formal model of payment channel economics and analyze how the cheapest path can be found. Additionally, our simulation assesses the long-term evolution of a payment channel network. We find that even for small routing fees, sometimes it is cheaper to settle the transaction directly on the blockchain.","PeriodicalId":371051,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122311149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. V. D. Heijden, Felix Engelmann, David Mödinger, Franziska Schönig, F. Kargl
{"title":"Blackchain: scalability for resource-constrained accountable vehicle-to-x communication","authors":"R. V. D. Heijden, Felix Engelmann, David Mödinger, Franziska Schönig, F. Kargl","doi":"10.1145/3152824.3152828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152824.3152828","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new Blockchain-based message and revocation accountability system called Blackchain. Combining a distributed ledger with existing mechanisms for security in V2X communication systems, we design a distributed event data recorder (EDR) that satisfies traditional accountability requirements by providing a compressed global state. Unlike previous approaches, our distributed ledger solution provides an accountable revocation mechanism without requiring trust in a single misbehavior authority, instead allowing a collaborative and transparent decision making process through Blackchain. This makes Blackchain an attractive alternative to existing solutions for revocation in a Security Credential Management System (SCMS), which suffer from the traditional disadvantages of PKIs, notably including centralized trust. Our proposal becomes scalable through the use of hierarchical consensus: individual vehicles dynamically create clusters, which then provide their consensus decisions as input for road-side units (RSUs), which in turn publish their results to misbehavior authorities. This authority, which is traditionally a single entity in the SCMS, responsible for the integrity of the entire V2X network, is now a set of authorities that transparently perform a revocation, whose result is then published in a global Blackchain state. This state can be used to prevent the issuance of certificates to previously malicious users, and also prevents the authority from misbehaving through the transparency implied by a global system state.","PeriodicalId":371051,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134192767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonatan Bergquist, Aron Laszka, Monika Sturm, A. Dubey
{"title":"On the design of communication and transaction anonymity in blockchain-based transactive microgrids","authors":"Jonatan Bergquist, Aron Laszka, Monika Sturm, A. Dubey","doi":"10.1145/3152824.3152827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152824.3152827","url":null,"abstract":"Transactive microgrids are emerging as a transformative solution for the problems faced by distribution system operators due to an increase in the use of distributed energy resources and a rapid acceleration in renewable energy generation, such as wind and solar power. Distributed ledgers have recently found widespread interest in this domain due to their ability to provide transactional integrity across decentralized computing nodes. However, the existing state of the art has not focused on the privacy preservation requirement of these energy systems - the transaction level data can provide much greater insights into a prosumer's behavior compared to smart meter data. There are specific safety requirements in transactive microgrids to ensure the stability of the grid and to control the load. To fulfil these requirements, the distribution system operator needs transaction information from the grid, which poses a further challenge to the privacy goals. In this paper, we extend a recently developed trading workflow called PETra and describe our solution for communication and transactional anonymity.","PeriodicalId":371051,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133074725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Massimo Bartoletti, Stefano Lande, Livio Pompianu, A. Bracciali
{"title":"A general framework for blockchain analytics","authors":"Massimo Bartoletti, Stefano Lande, Livio Pompianu, A. Bracciali","doi":"10.1145/3152824.3152831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152824.3152831","url":null,"abstract":"Modern cryptocurrencies exploit decentralised blockchains to record a public and unalterable history of transactions. Besides transactions, further information is stored for different, and often undisclosed, purposes, making the blockchains a rich and increasingly growing source of valuable information, in part of difficult interpretation. Many data analytics have been developed, mostly based on specifically designed and ad-hoc engineered approaches. We propose a general-purpose framework, seamlessly supporting data analytics on both Bitcoin and Ethereum --- currently the two most prominent cryptocurrencies. Such a framework allows us to integrate relevant blockchain data with data from other sources, and to organise them in a database, either SQL or NoSQL. Our framework is released as an open-source Scala library. We illustrate the distinguishing features of our approach on a set of significant use cases, which allow us to empirically compare ours to other competing proposals, and evaluate the impact of the database choice on scalability.","PeriodicalId":371051,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127066996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/3152824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3152824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371051,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133335563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}