{"title":"United Kingdom","authors":"Sarah Christie, J. Apps","doi":"10.4324/9781351066341-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351066341-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370882,"journal":{"name":"Parental Involvement Across European Education Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130155051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"United Kingdom","authors":"M. David","doi":"10.4324/9781351066341-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351066341-13","url":null,"abstract":"Very unsettled weather patterns across much of the country resulted in the 3 wettest July for the UK as a whole since 1960. Spates conditions were common (for the summer period) as were localised flash flood events and, in most areas, July runoff totals were notably high. Correspondingly, replenishment to both gravity-fed and pumped storage reservoirs was considerably above the mid-summer average. With a few exceptions (e.g. Loch Katrine) storage in almost all index reservoirs are appreciably above the early August average; overall stocks for England & Wales actually increased over the month (a rare circumstance) and are the 3 highest in a series from 1988 (but lower than at the same time in 2007). Generally, soil moisture deficits increased only modestly over the month and, entering August, were below average in most aquifer outcrop areas. A little local recharge contributed to above average groundwater levels in most major aquifer outcrop areas and, in some southern catchments, flows in many spring-fed rivers and streams are exceptionally high for the second successive summer. The UK’s 4 wettest Jan-July period (in a series from 1914) is reflected in a very healthy water resources outlook for the remainder of the summer and autumn.","PeriodicalId":370882,"journal":{"name":"Parental Involvement Across European Education Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114359125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ireland","authors":"Delma Byrne","doi":"10.4324/9781351066341-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351066341-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370882,"journal":{"name":"Parental Involvement Across European Education Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133173451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Netherlands","authors":"E. Denessen","doi":"10.4324/9781351066341-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351066341-6","url":null,"abstract":"In the Netherlands, parental involvement is part of the constitution, which states that parents have the right to found their own government-funded schools. Since the 1970s, parental involvement has been on the policy agenda to overcome educational disadvantages of children from lower socioeconomic and cultural-ethnic-minority families. More recently, as a result of neoliberal education policies and a research focus on evidence-based practices, effective forms of parental involvement have been identified and taken as aims for school improvement and teachers' professional development programmes. Negative side effects of a focus on those effective parental involvement practices are discussed, which may exacerbate educational inequalities. In particular, parents with higher levels of social, cultural and financial resources and their children profit from existing policies. For educational researchers it is important to monitor the effects of parental involvement policies on the educational opportunities of children with different backgrounds and to provide empirical evidence for the effects of programmes that focus on inclusionary parent involvement policies and practices of schools and teachers.","PeriodicalId":370882,"journal":{"name":"Parental Involvement Across European Education Systems","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132430226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parental Involvement Across European Education Systems","authors":"Delma Byrne, A. Paseka","doi":"10.4324/9781351066341-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351066341-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370882,"journal":{"name":"Parental Involvement Across European Education Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126350023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Norway","authors":"U. D. Bæck","doi":"10.4324/9781351066341-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351066341-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370882,"journal":{"name":"Parental Involvement Across European Education Systems","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116032515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Home-based parental involvement and parental perception of schools","authors":"Paulína Koršňáková, M. Štefánik","doi":"10.4324/9781351066341-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351066341-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370882,"journal":{"name":"Parental Involvement Across European Education Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117035558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}