{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133156581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dreams across the Human Lifespan","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123365667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of REM and NREM Dreams","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127390490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dream Varieties","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133609979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Biological Rhythms to the Sleep Cycle","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"92 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116299561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression of Sleep across the Human Lifespan","authors":"P. McNamara","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.005","url":null,"abstract":"The time it takes to fall asleep (latency) declines until midlife and then remains about the same into old age. Time spent awake after initial sleep onset (WASO) declines across the lifespan but its proportion of total sleep period increases. That is, people tend to have a greater number of awakenings as they age. REM percentages decline with age but the proportion of total sleep spent in REM remains about the same. The same is the case with N2 stage light sleep and N1 transitional sleep; these proportions remain about the same or slightly increase as people age. Finally, N3 slow wave sleep undergoes a steady decline with age until it almost completely disappears in old age. Throughout the lifespan sleep evidences intimate and possibly bidirectional causal associations with socio-emotional attachment processes between child and parent during the developmental phase and then between sexual/romantic and close friends during the adult phase. These relationships between sleep processes and attachment processes once more underline the social nature of sleep.","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125220931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theories of REM and NREM Sleep","authors":"P. McNamara","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.008","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of REM and NREM functions we have been assuming that the sleep state is doing something for the wake state; i.e., that NREM SWS restores energy for waking consciousness or that REM supports emotional memory consolidation for waking consciousness. But it is also possible that the functions of REM and NREM have more to do with the sleep states themselves rather than with waking consciousness. REM may be undoing something that NREM is doing since REM typically follows NREM in the sleep cycle. Or conversely, NREM SWS may be doing something important for the organism (e.g., immune system repair) but that function is costly, so REM functions to complete, complement, repair, or undo something that NREM had to do to accomplish its primary functions. In this scenario, SWS sleep repairs the immune system each night, but that is so onerous a job that NREM then requires REM to restore NREM’s functional capacity so that it can do its immune system repair again the following night.","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114282670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theories of Dreaming","authors":"P. McNamara","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.014","url":null,"abstract":"Ninety-five percent or more of dreams are populated by the dreamer who interacts with two to four other characters, most of whom can be recognized as familiar characters in the dreamer’s immediate social network. Friendly interactions (typically verbal conversations) are found in about 40 percent of dreams, while aggressive social interactions occur in about 45 percent of dreams. In addition, mind-reading or inferring the mental states of others, particularly those characters the dreamer interacts with, occurs in over 80 percent of dreams. Finally, people who are most important in the dreamer’s waking network regularly appear in that dreamer’s dreams. Thus, existing data from dream content studies is certainly consistent with SST.","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114514512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of REM and NREM Sleep","authors":"P. McNamara","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.006","url":null,"abstract":"REM's biobehavioral characteristics are paradoxical in that its physiologic correlates appear to be injurious to the health of the organism while its brain correlates suggest social-emotional functions. Unlike REM, NREM biobehavioral characteristics are slightly less paradoxical but still enigmatic. NREM’s physiologic functions may be related to immune system function while its electrophysiologic properties are clearly related to the restorative functions of sleep. Both REM and NREM sleep likely participate in memory processing but so does the waking state. The fact that NREM appears to be associated with the gradual deactivation of a select group of brain structures that are then reactivated during REM suggests that the two sleep states either work in harmony with one another to maintain optimal brain function or that NREM undoes something that REM instantiates.","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129379233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Are Dreams?","authors":"P. McNamara","doi":"10.1017/9781316817094.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316817094.010","url":null,"abstract":"Dreams are cognitions that are typically dependent on sleep. However, not all forms of cognition occur during sleep. In spontaneously recalled dreams the visual sense predominates. It is rare to remember a smell or a taste from the dream. Reading and computations (arithmetic) do not frequently occur in dreams. Many dreams contain unusual amounts of emotion, and may provide greater access to older memories – - especially during late morning REM dreams. While impairment in critical self-reflective capacities may occur in dreams, it is not clear if all dreams are characterized by impairment in self-reflectiveness. The dreaming mind/brain spontaneously and automatically produces dreams in the form of narratives and likely uses cognitive operations like Freud’s dreamwork to do so.","PeriodicalId":369600,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125666277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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