Science AdvancePub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.59208/sa-2023-03-28-4
Melissa B. Blau
{"title":"The quantum nature of the weak interaction","authors":"Melissa B. Blau","doi":"10.59208/sa-2023-03-28-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59208/sa-2023-03-28-4","url":null,"abstract":"From the fundamental noνα = 1 formula, the up quark was identified as an exchange particle based on its mass, which implies that the particle is newly formed and not, as the current theory says, transformed from the d quark through ß-decay. The quark rotation most possibly imparts a fast oscillatory rotation to the quarks (weak interaction), which in turn imparts the rotation to the nucleon. The transferred rotation is partially decoupled from the quarks, which means that the transferred rotation velocity does not depend on the oscillation velocity of the quark structure, but on its radius r, where r is the virtual quantized radius of the quark rotation or quark oscillation. In case of the week interaction, when the quarks begin to oscillate, the rotation is partially decoupled from the individual quarks and transferred to the triple quark structure in the transverse direction to the main axis of rotation. From this, a unified formula for the gravitation and EM forces could be deduced.","PeriodicalId":369410,"journal":{"name":"Science Advance","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134429390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancePub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.59208/sa-2023-03-06-1
Melissa B. Blau
{"title":"Rotational wave velocity of protons","authors":"Melissa B. Blau","doi":"10.59208/sa-2023-03-06-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59208/sa-2023-03-06-1","url":null,"abstract":"The angular momentum of particles is the result of rotational waves, which are believed not to rotate in a classical sense. Therefore, the rotational wave properties of protons or nucleons, which should be comparable to De Broglie matter waves, have never been attributed to a wavelength, frequency or energy, but solely to their spin, which is a quantized property and probably does not reflect the true angular momentum as the product of radius and rotational impulse of a particle. Using data that originates from the hadron accelerator CERN in Switzerland, the true, not quantized velocity of the rotational wave of protons could be, however, measured. Thereby, its frequency is 2072.18 Hz, hence, it is unexpectedly low. The spike in the polarizability curve of protons at Q^2 = 0.33 GeV^2, published currently in the journal Nature, together with the rotational wave frequency obtained from CERN data, provides reliable evidence that this might be an interference in terms of superposition of the particle wave of the scattered electrons with the rotational wave of the protons at the same energy level, doubling the expected curve value, which, since there are no other possible explanations, proves the determined rotating wave velocity of protons.","PeriodicalId":369410,"journal":{"name":"Science Advance","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128892280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancePub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.59208/sa-2023-03-10-3
Melissa B. Blau
{"title":"Why do masses bend spacetime?","authors":"Melissa B. Blau","doi":"10.59208/sa-2023-03-10-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59208/sa-2023-03-10-3","url":null,"abstract":"The energy-momentum tensor as \"source term\" of gravity is not something that could be objectified or grasped in the microscopic or macroscopic range. In this paper we present a mass-immanent modality by which masses are able to generate gravity, namely the rapid oscillatory rotation of proton waves. Protons are contained in every mass and due to the rapid rotation of their rotational waves, as shown in a recent paper, attract masses that are within range of their oversized quantized radius. In the case of a proton, this quantized radius is more than 19 powers of ten larger than its actual radius, so that mvr ≥ h/2 (Heisenberg uncertainty principle) is fulfilled.","PeriodicalId":369410,"journal":{"name":"Science Advance","volume":"437 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116146830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}