2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report最新文献

The Effects of a Zinc-Methionine Supplementation in High Producing Dairy Cows 高产奶牛补充锌-蛋氨酸的效果

2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report Pub Date : 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.31274/AIR.11933

C. Siberski, J. Koltes, J. Wickramasinghe, M. Oconitrillo, N. Stepanchenko, R. Appuhamy

{"title":"The Effects of a Zinc-Methionine Supplementation in High Producing Dairy Cows","authors":"C. Siberski, J. Koltes, J. Wickramasinghe, M. Oconitrillo, N. Stepanchenko, R. Appuhamy","doi":"10.31274/AIR.11933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/AIR.11933","url":null,"abstract":"and Implications The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a Zn-methionine complex in diet on milk yield, milk component yields, SCC, and milk Zn concentration of Holstein cows around peak lactation. After matching for parity and days in milk (DIM), 12 lactating Holstein cows (67 ± 2.5 DIM; 1385 ± 43 kg BW) were assigned to one of two dietary treatments: 1) control (CTL, n = 6), a TMR diet with 74 mg/kg added Zn in the form of zinc sulfate, n = 6) or 2) CTL supplemented with Zn-methionine complex (Zn-Met, n = 6) providing additional 20 mg of Zn/kg (512 mg/head/d). Dry matter intake (DMI) was lower by 0.8 kg/d for Zn-Met than CTL throughout the study (P = 0.05). Milk yield of Zn-Met decreased compared to CTL (40 vs 42 kg/d, P = 0.01) during the first 35 d but had similar milk yield during the last 35 d of the study. Milk protein and fat percentages, and fat yield were not different between treatments. Milk protein yield was similar between treatments during the first 35 d but tended to increase for Zn-Met (1.41 vs. 1.33 kg/d, P = 0.10) during rest of the study. Cows receiving Zn-methionine complex tended to have lower SCC (126 vs 328 ×103 cells/mL, P = 0.07) and greater concentration of Zn (4.48 vs 4.06 ppm, P = 0.05) in milk throughout the study. Overall, the present Znmethionine complex tended to improve milk protein yield and SCC more prominently as feeding progressed. However, it decreased DMI suggesting a negative impact on palatability of the diet.","PeriodicalId":368864,"journal":{"name":"2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129815581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Non-Dairy Creamer Analogs/Mimics for an Alternative of Infant Formula using Egg White, Yolk, and Soy Proteins 用蛋白、蛋黄和大豆蛋白替代婴儿配方奶粉的非乳制品奶精类似物/模拟物的开发

2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report Pub Date : 2021-02-07 DOI: 10.31274/AIR.12044

D. Ahn, Xi Huang

{"title":"Development of Non-Dairy Creamer Analogs/Mimics for an Alternative of Infant Formula using Egg White, Yolk, and Soy Proteins","authors":"D. Ahn, Xi Huang","doi":"10.31274/AIR.12044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/AIR.12044","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to develop non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics using egg white, egg yolk, soy protein, and their combinations, and their nutrient content, shelf-life, and flavor acceptability were compared. The amounts of oleic and linoleic acid content increased as the amount of yolk increased in the formula, but the increases of polyunsaturated fatty acids were < 0.5% of total fat. The addition of egg yolk to the formula increased choline and lutein content in the products, but the amounts were < 0.4 mg/g for choline and 4 mg/g for lutein. The lutein in the products continued to decrease over the storage time, and only about 15-20% of the 0-month amounts were left after 3 months of storage. Although the TBARS values of the spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as storage time increased, the values were still low. Yellowness, darkness, and egg flavor/odor of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as the amount of egg yolk in the formula increased. The overall acceptability of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics was closely related to the intensity of egg flavor/odor, but storage improved their overall acceptance because most of the off-odor volatiles disappeared during the storage. Water temperature was the most important parameter in dissolving spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics, and 55-75 oC was the optimal water temperature conditions to dissolve them. Higher amounts of yolk and soy protein combinations in place of egg white reduced the cost of the products significantly and those products contained better and balanced nutrients than the commercial coffee creamers. However, off-flavor and solubility were two important issues in the products.","PeriodicalId":368864,"journal":{"name":"2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117005352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of diurnal heat stress in dairy heifer calves 日热应激对奶牛犊牛的影响

2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report Pub Date : 2021-02-07 DOI: 10.31274/AIR.11927

B. Goetz, J. Wickramasinghe, M. Oconitrillo, M. A. Abeyta, N. Stepanchenko, R. Appuhamy

{"title":"The effects of diurnal heat stress in dairy heifer calves","authors":"B. Goetz, J. Wickramasinghe, M. Oconitrillo, M. A. Abeyta, N. Stepanchenko, R. Appuhamy","doi":"10.31274/AIR.11927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/AIR.11927","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to examine how dairy heifer calves would respond to a heat stress bout in terms of growth relative to nutrient intake. Nine Holstein and 2 Jersey heifer calves (n = 11) were individually housed and enrolled in a study containing 3 experimental periods (P). Period 1 lasted 7 d during which baseline measurements were obtained. During period 2 (7 d), calves were subjected to diurnal heat stress (dHS) employed by maintaining barn temperature at 33°C (92°F) from 0900 to 2100 h and letting it be equilibrated with outside temperature [24°C (75°F)] during the night. Follow-up measurements were made over 4 d (P3) immediately after dHS. Calves consumed 25% less feed during the day but compensated for it consuming more feed (35%) in night during dHS. Despite DMI (kg/d) being similar between dHS and baseline, ADG and feed efficiency decreased significantly during dHS. These effects are likely consequence of nutrient repartitioning towards the activated immune system and away from productive processes (i.e., growth), as blood haptoglobin increased 3-fold during dHS. Nonetheless, calves exhibited compensatory growth concurrently with increased DMI and drinking water per unit of DMI immediately following dHS. Overall, dHS severely hampers growth and feed efficiency of dairy heifer calves despite unaltered DMI relative to baseline. Understanding nutrient partitioning in calves during and after heat stress could help mitigate the adverse effects and help calves effectively recover from heat stress.","PeriodicalId":368864,"journal":{"name":"2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129575424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of irradiation on the quality parameters of raw beef 辐照对生牛肉品质参数的影响

2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report Pub Date : 2021-02-07 DOI: 10.31274/AIR.12043

D. Ahn, Xi Feng

引用次数: 1

Route of administration determines effectiveness of single-use trace mineral products in beef cattle 给药途径决定了一次性微量矿产品在肉牛中的有效性

2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report Pub Date : 2021-02-06 DOI: 10.31274/AIR.11925

D. Loy, Elizabeth M Messersmith, E. Deters, K. VanValin, R. Carmichael, S. Hansen, Trey D. Jackson

引用次数: 0

Cattle Feeding Benchmark Data: Fall & Winter 2018 Spring & Summer 2019 牛饲养基准数据:2018年秋季和冬季，2019年春季和夏季

2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report Pub Date : 2021-01-28 DOI: 10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-466

G. Dahlke

引用次数: 0

Late-cutting lipid-soluble alfalfa extract beneficially modulates the colon microbiota to protect mouse body weight during Citrobacter rodentium challenge 后期切割脂溶性苜蓿提取物有益调节结肠微生物群，保护小鼠体重在啮齿柠檬酸杆菌的攻击

2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report Pub Date : 2021-01-27 DOI: 10.31274/AIR.11911

E. Bobeck, J. Anast, K. Fries-Craft, S. Schmitz-Esser

{"title":"Late-cutting lipid-soluble alfalfa extract beneficially modulates the colon microbiota to protect mouse body weight during Citrobacter rodentium challenge","authors":"E. Bobeck, J. Anast, K. Fries-Craft, S. Schmitz-Esser","doi":"10.31274/AIR.11911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/AIR.11911","url":null,"abstract":"Mouse models allow for detailed preliminary research into the health-promoting effects of novel feed additives to identify candidates for livestock application. Alfalfa is a potential source of health-promoting feed additives, but detailed findings on factors that maximize its benefits are lacking. The study objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding late and early alfalfa as hay, aqueous, and lipid-soluble extracts on the body weight (BW) and colon microbiota of mice before and after pathogen challenge. A total of 98 female 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were weighed and assigned to 1 of 7 diets consisting of basal diet ± hay (9%), aqueous extract (0.25%), and chloroform extract (0.25%) of late and early cutting alfalfa. After 14d, 6 mice/treatment were euthanized for baseline colon digesta sampling. The remaining animals were orally inoculated with Citrobacter rodentium and 4 mice/ treatment were euthanized for colon digesta collection at 4 and 21d post-inoculation (pi). While observed patterns in BW were not statistically significant, numerical improvements in early and late days post-inoculation (pi) indicated a protective effect of lipid-soluble extracts on BW during bacterial challenge. Corresponding to these observations, late cutting chloroform extracts significantly reduced pathogen abundance in the colon at 4dpi while increasing the abundance of beneficial community members at 21dpi (P = 0.02). These findings in mice support future research into the effects of late-cutting chloroform alfalfa extracts in livestock diets.","PeriodicalId":368864,"journal":{"name":"2020 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122306355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0