{"title":"OECD’s Control Instruments in the Context of Russia’s Accession to this Organisation","authors":"N. Efimova, M. Samarina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2365725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2365725","url":null,"abstract":"Russia’s accession to the OECD will definitely have a positive effect on Russia’s image worldwide. However, Russia’s OECD membership may have an adverse effect though the use of certain OECD’s instruments. Russia should take account of potential pressure which it may be subject to both by most powerful OECD members and international organizations equipped with formally defined instruments of pressure which cooperate closely with the OECD. Therefore, it may not only prevent Russia from pursuing to the full extent its interests as OECD member, but also create preconditions for situations under which Russia’s stand may not be supported by other OECD members.","PeriodicalId":368178,"journal":{"name":"PSN: International Institutions: Origins","volume":"20 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132546492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does IMF Transparency Matter? Evidence from Emerging Markets, 1997-2008","authors":"M. Edwards, Cassie Denbow, Yasmin Elkarrimy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2035393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2035393","url":null,"abstract":"A dramatic change has taken place in the manner in which the IMF conducts its annual surveillance of member state economies. These annual consultations (known as Article IV consultations) were originally viewed as private matters. Starting in 1997, the IMF released summary information about a country’s consultation on a voluntary basis. Recently, countries could choose to release the consultation team’s report itself, which is prepared for discussion by the Fund’s Executive Board. This raises the question of how and to what extent international markets respond to this transparency. This paper builds on the work of Fratzscher and Reynaud (2011) and Glennerster and Shin (2008) to estimate the effects of Article IV data release on spreads on emerging market debt. This project is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (SES-0960422) We find strong evidence that Article IV transparency reduces spreads on emerging market debt, and these findings are robust across the release of different types of information as well as numerous alternative specifications.","PeriodicalId":368178,"journal":{"name":"PSN: International Institutions: Origins","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125636965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Evolution of Operational Policies and Procedures at International Financial Institutions: Normative Significance and Enforcement Potential","authors":"Daniel Bradlow, A. Naude Fourie","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1858897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1858897","url":null,"abstract":"The exact contours of international organizations’ (IO) responsibility have not yet been clearly defined. While IOs – and international financial institutions (IFIs) in particular – have in the past avoided drawing those contours in more certain terms, this position is slowly changing: IFIs have been changing expectations about their standards of conduct, as reflected in their evolving operational policies and procedures (OPP ‘hardening’ or legalization of OPP and the emerging enforcement potential of the IAMs.","PeriodicalId":368178,"journal":{"name":"PSN: International Institutions: Origins","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116781021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Principles of Consumer Protection in the North American Free Trade Agreement","authors":"James P. Nehf","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1208822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1208822","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer policy has not been a high priority at the regional level for NAFTA subcommittees and working groups. Nor has it been a priority for national trade offices, such as the U.S. Trade Representative. To the extent that an impact can be seen, it has been piecemeal, as standards for specific sectors or products are harmonized or mutual recognition agreements are reached. Such efforts have at times sought to ensure that consumer interests are protected, but the primary focus has been removing non-tariff barriers to trade. Not surprisingly, the impact on consumer protection has been mixed and concerns about the environment and food safety continue to cause great concern among NAFTA critics and consumer groups. Like the GATT, the objectives of NAFTA are primarily to break down barriers to trade among the member states, and not necessarily to harmonize consumer protection laws in the member states, or to create a common consumer policy. To the extent that consumer protection is referenced in the treaty, it is mentioned as an area in which each member state has freedom to impose restrictions on trade as a legitimate public policy objective. In other words, so long as a member state's consumer laws pursue legitimate policy goals and are not disguised restrictions on trade, they will be allowed. In this paper, Professor James Nehf discusses the references in NAFTA to consumer protection, the role that regional consumer protection policy plays in the NAFTA member states, and the manner in which national consumer rules are accepted as legitimate non-tariff barriers to trade.","PeriodicalId":368178,"journal":{"name":"PSN: International Institutions: Origins","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133160387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Renegotiating the Food Aid Convention: Background, Context, and Issues","authors":"J. Hoddinott, M. Cohen, C. Barrett","doi":"10.1163/19426720-01403004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-01403004","url":null,"abstract":"The current global agreement governing food aid - the Food Aid Convention (FAC) - has been subject to annual renewals since it expired in 2002. Critics have pointed to some serious limitations, but negotiations over a new FAC have become entangled in U.S.-European agricultural trade disputes. Other issues in renegotiation include the patchwork quilt of food aid governance, in which the FAC's mandate overlaps with those of several other institutions; inadequate transparency; the nature of commitments - whether to express them in tonnage, value, or nutritional terms; the level of commitments and their distribution among donors; monitoring and enforcement of commitments; stakeholder representation on the FAC governing body; and the Convention's institutional \"home.\" Also problematic is whether the FAC should have an \"instrument focus\" - \"food aid\" or a \"problem focus,\" such as \"food security.\"","PeriodicalId":368178,"journal":{"name":"PSN: International Institutions: Origins","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129976702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State Succession to Debts and Assets: The Modern Law and Policy","authors":"Paul R. Williams, J. Harris","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2032920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2032920","url":null,"abstract":"When a state dissolves, or when territorial entities of a state break away and become independent states, those states and other members of the international community are faced with a host of legal questions concerning the continuation of the predecessor state’s treaty obligations, succession to the predecessor state’s membership in various international organizations, an the allocation of its debts and assets. This article addresses the legal rules governing the allocation of debts and assets among successor states, and in particular the role of the creditor states in formulating that allocation.","PeriodicalId":368178,"journal":{"name":"PSN: International Institutions: Origins","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126561024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}