American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics最新文献

Rural Nonfarm Activity Income Diversification Among Smallholder Farmers in Deber Elias Woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区州Deber Elias Woreda小农的农村非农活动收入多样化

American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics Pub Date : 2019-07-12 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.15

M. Aynalem, Habtamu Mossie, Mohammed Adem

{"title":"Rural Nonfarm Activity Income Diversification Among Smallholder Farmers in Deber Elias Woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Aynalem, Habtamu Mossie, Mohammed Adem","doi":"10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.15","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out with the aim examining and understanding the different nonfarm diversification strategies pursued by households in Deber Elias Woreda. A multi stage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 households. First the Woreda Kebeles are stratified in to three categories based on the agro ecology. From each stratum, three sample target kebeles and respective villages selected for primary or secondary data collection. Descriptive statistics and binary logit model were used. Narration was used to analyze the qualitative data. The income portfolio analysis revealed that agriculture is the main livelihood activity in the study area contributing 86.9% and nonfarm activity income which accounts for 5.7% the remaining 2.3% share of the total income. Only 40.8% of the sample respondents participate in nonfarm diversification activities. Regarding the participants in diverse nonfarm activities in the study area female-headed households diversified more than male-headed households, better offs diversified more than poor, educated households diversified better than illiterates and households with large number of family members more diversified than those with small household size. The binary logit model result for determinants of nonfarm activity diversification reveals that sex of household head, educational status of household head, credit access; landholdings of households and household size were statistically significant. Finally, this thesis indicates the important policy implications suggesting that programs, projects and/or any interventions designed targeting to engage people in other income generating activities in Debre Elias woreda.","PeriodicalId":367265,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125060058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Geophysical Investigation for Post Foundation Studies at Ikekogbe Primary School, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria 尼日利亚埃多州埃克波马Ikekogbe小学基础研究后的地球物理调查

American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics Pub Date : 2019-07-08 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.14

Aigbedion Isaac, Bawallah Musa, Ilugbo Stephen, Osaigbovo Aize Diana, Diana Emmanuela Kehinde, Ihewkwumere Chinenyeollins, Igbinoba Collins, Patrick Promise Uduak, Amagbamwan Ebenihita

{"title":"Geophysical Investigation for Post Foundation Studies at Ikekogbe Primary School, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"Aigbedion Isaac, Bawallah Musa, Ilugbo Stephen, Osaigbovo Aize Diana, Diana Emmanuela Kehinde, Ihewkwumere Chinenyeollins, Igbinoba Collins, Patrick Promise Uduak, Amagbamwan Ebenihita","doi":"10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.14","url":null,"abstract":"This research showed the significance of electrical resistivity method for foundation studies at Ikekogbe Primary School, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. The aim of the study is to assess the building in the area that was intensively affected by cracks resulting in structural instability. The Electrical Resistivity method involved three techniques; Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Horizontal Profiling (HP) which covers a pilot test of 60 meters. Eight (8) VES were carried out using Schlumberger array with current electrode spacing varying from 1 to 40 m, with 2-D ERT using Dipole-Dipole electrode array with inter-station separation of 5 m and an expansion factor that varied from 1 to 5 and HP using Wenner array with an electrode spacing of 5 m interval. The results obtained from the VES delineated three geoelectric units which comprise of topsoil, clayey sand and sandstone formation. The 2 D imaging (Dipole-Dipole) gave information on the subsurface characteristic in the area with low apparent resistivity which indicates low competence material. The Wenner profile is characterised by low resistivity. All the results correlate well with one another showing that all the techniques used are complemented and also deduced that the failures of these buildings arise from incompetent clay materials and lateral inhomogeneity. Evidence has shown that a suspected weak zone cut across the study area and the weak zones contributed a great deal to the cracks observed on the classroom block. The presence of clay materials beneath the classroom also contributed to the cracks observed. It is therefore recommended that future engineering construction should consider possible weak zones before designing or imposed structure as such can instigate failure in the proposed structure.","PeriodicalId":367265,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126063008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Changes and Enlightenment of China's Power Supervision Institutions: Based on Actual Observations Since 1978 中国权力监督机构的变迁与启示——基于1978年以来的实际观察

American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics Pub Date : 2019-06-15 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.13

Liu Yang

{"title":"The Changes and Enlightenment of China's Power Supervision Institutions: Based on Actual Observations Since 1978","authors":"Liu Yang","doi":"10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.13","url":null,"abstract":"China's power supervision organization has experienced a change process of re-establishment, restoration, reform and innovation since the reform and opening up in 1978. In practice, China adopts a multi-agency model of power supervision to decentralize power and restrict power. By raising the level of the rule of law in power supervision, China has achieved full coverage of the power supervision of state organs and civil servants exercising public power. Through improving the anti-corruption strategic system combining education, system and supervision, the anti-corruption work has achieved remarkable results. However, there are also problems such as the imbalance of the functions of various power supervision subjects, the lack of effective restraint mechanisms for the \"top leaders\" of the Party committee, and the imperfect performance evaluation system for power supervision. It is suggested that the power balance mechanism should be further improved in the future, effective measures to prevent abuse of power and corruption within power supervision institutions should be explored, the discipline inspection and supervision organs should strengthen the supervision of the party committees and \"top leaders\" at the same level, and a trinity power supervision performance evaluation system of corruption prevention, punishment and control should be established.","PeriodicalId":367265,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116498203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Researches on Optimal Tax Rate and Its Effect of Copper Mine Resource Tax in China 中国铜矿资源税最优税率及其效果研究

American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.12

Wenting Zhao, Minyi Guan

{"title":"Researches on Optimal Tax Rate and Its Effect of Copper Mine Resource Tax in China","authors":"Wenting Zhao, Minyi Guan","doi":"10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJERE.20190402.12","url":null,"abstract":"As an important natural resource, mineral resources are indispensable necessities for human’s social existence and economic development. As China’s industrialization process continues to gradually increase, conflicts about resource constraint and ecological pressure resulting from economic and social development are increasingly evident. Key problems of how to guarantee the security of national mineral resources supply, ease the contradiction of resource constraint, and reduce ecological pressure are significant current challenges in China. The Chinese government has successively implemented new types of resource taxes including \"ad valorem duty\" and \"free fee and regulate tax\" reform for oil, natural gas, and coal resources in an attempt to adjust differential income needs and protect resources. Given these efforts, there have also been strategies to reform policies for the use and taxation of non-ferrous metal resources. In 2016, the Chinese Ministry of Finance and the State Council jointly issued a government document to comprehensively promote the reform of resource tax policy. This document also set the standards of tax rate for seven metal minerals. Copper is one of the regulated minerals, and the tax rate range of copper mine was set as 2% to 8%, dependent on the conditions of different provinces. We constructed a resource computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate the optimal tax rate of copper resource under ad valorem duty in China. The results showed that the best tax rate is 4%. Based on this optimal rate, a dynamic CGE model was built to analyze and dynamically forecast the macroeconomic impact of different tax rates, providing insight into the best strategy to enable cost control for enterprises and efficient and effective policymaking by the government. Because comprehensive resource tax reform remains in the exploratory stage, the results of this study will provide a reference for the future optimization of the copper mine resource tax rate.","PeriodicalId":367265,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126270976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Decision-making Model of Virtual Power Plant for Participating in Spot Market Transaction Based on Hybrid Stochastic and Robust Approach 基于随机鲁棒混合方法的虚拟电厂参与现货市场交易决策模型

American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics Pub Date : 2019-05-30 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJERE.20190401.14

Dong Jun, Nie Linpeng, Pa Lidan

{"title":"Decision-making Model of Virtual Power Plant for Participating in Spot Market Transaction Based on Hybrid Stochastic and Robust Approach","authors":"Dong Jun, Nie Linpeng, Pa Lidan","doi":"10.11648/J.AJERE.20190401.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJERE.20190401.14","url":null,"abstract":"China is vigorously promoting the reform of the electricity spot market after the notice on the development of pilot projects for the spot electricity market was issued in 2017. At the same time, china is upgrading and renovating its energy structure, in the context of structural reform on the energy supply side, the decentralized form of clean energy utilization will develop rapidly. With the continuous improvement of the trading mechanism in spot market, it has become an inevitable trend that many distributed power resources will be involved in electricity market to participate in market transaction. Therefore, in order to promote distributed energy to participate in spot market, virtual power plant technique is paid increasing attentions. Combining the current hot issue, this paper constructs a decision-making model of virtual power plant for participating in spot market transaction based on hybrid stochastic and robust method, which can provide a quantitative decision analysis tool for virtual power plant operators to participate in spot market transactions. The main contribution of this paper are as follows:1) we proposed a transaction decision model that based on hybrid stochastic optimization and robust optimization methods and example simulation was given to illustrate the effectiveness of the model; 2) this paper focused on the electricity market in china.","PeriodicalId":367265,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics","volume":"9 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132411999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Space Technology, an Essential Infrastructure for Rural Area Development 空间技术:农村地区发展的必要基础设施

American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJERE.20190401.13

Onuh Spencer Ojogba, Aiyeola Sikiru Yommy, Tofade Temidayo Christopher, L. O. Adesina

{"title":"Space Technology, an Essential Infrastructure for Rural Area Development","authors":"Onuh Spencer Ojogba, Aiyeola Sikiru Yommy, Tofade Temidayo Christopher, L. O. Adesina","doi":"10.11648/J.AJERE.20190401.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJERE.20190401.13","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past five decades, space technology has been regarded as either the dream and future of mankind or an endeavor of the Cold War space race. Neither of these views is relevant today. The essential role space serves today is that it is a critical infrastructure for the world. Space is no longer the “big boys club”. Today, about 60 countries own and operate at least one satellite, and almost everyone benefits from the services these satellites provide. Space technology has become an indispensable infrastructure on which everyone relies. Space technology has the capabilities to provide information vital for the environment, education, food security, public health, water resource management, human rights, disaster relief and nuclear security. Services derived from this technology not only improve the efficiency and effectiveness of many terrestrial activities but also provide much of the information and understanding needed to prevent and mitigate a variety of risks. Space-based technologies are embraced in developing countries and some of the applications are rooted in education. This was not so in the past, as the technologies were considered ancillary tools for only wealthy nations. Space technology includes the spacecraft otherwise known as satellite, space stations, other supporting infrastructure, equipment, and procedures. The development of space technology can play significant roles in the development of rural areas in Nigeria. The areas of application include, education, telemedicine, agriculture, and communication. This paper focuses on the use of space technology in the development of rural areas.","PeriodicalId":367265,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131257253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Socio-Ecological Drivers of Land Use Change and Wetland Conversion in Kilombero Valley Floodoplain, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚基隆贝罗河谷洪泛平原土地利用变化和湿地转化的社会生态驱动因素

American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics Pub Date : 2019-01-24 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJERE.20190401.11

N. K. Msofe

{"title":"Socio-Ecological Drivers of Land Use Change and Wetland Conversion in Kilombero Valley Floodoplain, Tanzania","authors":"N. K. Msofe","doi":"10.11648/J.AJERE.20190401.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJERE.20190401.11","url":null,"abstract":"Connections between social drivers (human activities) and ecological drivers (natural events) are currently considered as the key factors affecting land use change in tropical wetland ecosystem. However, the complexity interaction of these socio-ecological drivers is often poorly understood. This paper examined the interaction of these two systems in the Kilombero valley floodplain. Kilombero valley floodplain is one of the largest tropical wetland in Africa offering a wide spectrum of habitats for plant and animal species sustaining several ecosystem services and ecological functions, which has been under threat of wetland loss and degradation. The study used the documentary review approach to investigate the interaction of socio and ecological systems in the study area. The study revealed that population growth, market growth and price incentive for cash crops and timber products coupled with improved infrastructures, policy and institutional framework are the social drivers, while flat terrain characteristics, heavy black alluvial soils coupled with high water holding capacity, increased temperature and rainfall variability accompanied with prolonged dry spells are the ecological drivers of land use change and wetland conversion in the study area. However, there are relationships among these drivers, as they act simultaneously as well as differently to influence land use changes in the study area. The study recommended that socio-ecological interactions and the needs of local communities whose livelihood is highly dependent on wetland resources must be central to the development of wetland policies and wetland management approaches.","PeriodicalId":367265,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133557608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6