{"title":"Resisting Displacement: Interpersonal Ties as Shield and Deterrent in Medellín, Colombia","authors":"J. Marston","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3284681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3284681","url":null,"abstract":"Although civilians across the globe are fleeing conflict in record numbers, the reality is that far more remain behind. Threatened by deadly violence, many people stay in their homes and communities. Who remains despite conflict? And how might individuals threatened with displacement by an armed group manage to resist? Drawing on intensive participant observation and interviews in marginal neighborhoods of Medellín, Colombia, I argue that urban residents most likely to remain despite being at risk of displacement are the “well connected.” Despite threats, they leverage ties to a community figure or member of the armed group to stay. I test a number of related hypotheses using an original survey and survey experiment. Unlike other work asserting that residents are trapped by scant resources or remain only by joining organizations or belligerents, my theory reveals civilians’ agency and neutrality as they navigate conflict to stay in their homes.","PeriodicalId":360963,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Conflict Prevention","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115177185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-Adjudicatory State-State Mechanisms in Investment Dispute Prevention and Dispute Settlement: Joint Interpretations, Filters and Focal Points","authors":"C. Titi","doi":"10.5102/RDI.V14I2.4861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5102/RDI.V14I2.4861","url":null,"abstract":"The last 30 years in the history of international investment law witnessed the emergence of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) as the definitive method for the resolution of investment disputes, and the expanding role of the investor in the same. Investment dispute settlement has become largely synonymous with a system that involves an investor, often private entity, in international arbitration against its host state. States, in this same setting, are relegated to the role of respondent. But despite the predominant role of the investor, some mechanisms involving both states (host state and home state of the investor) do exist. Some of these mechanisms, such as state-state dispute settlement and binding interpretations, have been used for years. Others, such as national contact points or ombudsmen, are newer. As investment law enters a new era of reflection with the functioning of the current ISDS machinery at its centre, some of the efforts at reforming international investment law focus on enhancing the role of the state in investment dispute settlement and add to the popularity of some of these mechanisms. The article critically explores three ‘soft’ non-adjudicatory approaches to the prevention or resolution of investment disputes that belong to the sphere of state-to-state procedures and have gained currency in recent years: joint interpretive statements, including subsequent agreement or practice under general public international law and clarifications through diplomatic notes and periodic review of treaty content; filter mechanisms; and focal points or ombudsmen.","PeriodicalId":360963,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Conflict Prevention","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125607431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Security, Development, and Citizenship: The Public Value of the Reintegration Policy","authors":"D. Herrera","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3025918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3025918","url":null,"abstract":"As security and development issues start to become focused on the individual (Human Security and Human Development), the reintegration process for excombatants seeks to focus its intervention on the individual and their homes, through the provision of tools and skills that allow the individual to leave its temporal vulnerability and become a subject of aggregated value in the host community where he or she gets installed. The following research document was written in order to position the reintegration policy as the engine to provide the country with active citizens in their communities, individuals able to contribute in community life, empowered with conflict resolution skills, academic knowledge, vocational training, knowledge of law and other components that facilitate their return to civilian life and rooting their actions in legality.","PeriodicalId":360963,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Conflict Prevention","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133168543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Democracy under the Gun: Understanding Post-Conflict Economic Recovery","authors":"T. Flores, Irfan Nooruddin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1089160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1089160","url":null,"abstract":"Why do some countries' economies recover from civil conflicts more quickly than others? We contend that the key to economic recovery is a credible commitment to the peace. In turn, the ability of political actors to eschew further violence credibly depends on the nature of the political institutional transition a country must make. We test these arguments with duration analysis of an original dataset of economic recovery from civil conflict. Among key results, we find that post-conflict democratization retards recovery, reinforcing a growing pessimism among political scientists regarding the challenges new democracies face after civil conflicts.","PeriodicalId":360963,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Conflict Prevention","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132486075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}