Cryptography最新文献

{"title":"Towards Accurate Run-Time Hardware-Assisted Stealthy Malware Detection: A Lightweight, yet Effective Time Series CNN-Based Approach","authors":"H. Sayadi, Yifeng Gao, Hosein Mohammadi Makrani, Jessica Lin, Paulo Cesar G. da Costa, S. Rafatirad, H. Homayoun","doi":"10.3390/cryptography5040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography5040028","url":null,"abstract":"According to recent security analysis reports, malicious software (a.k.a. malware) is rising at an alarming rate in numbers, complexity, and harmful purposes to compromise the security of modern computer systems. Recently, malware detection based on low-level hardware features (e.g., Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs) information) has emerged as an effective alternative solution to address the complexity and performance overheads of traditional software-based detection methods. Hardware-assisted Malware Detection (HMD) techniques depend on standard Machine Learning (ML) classifiers to detect signatures of malicious applications by monitoring built-in HPC registers during execution at run-time. Prior HMD methods though effective have limited their study on detecting malicious applications that are spawned as a separate thread during application execution, hence detecting stealthy malware patterns at run-time remains a critical challenge. Stealthy malware refers to harmful cyber attacks in which malicious code is hidden within benign applications and remains undetected by traditional malware detection approaches. In this paper, we first present a comprehensive review of recent advances in hardware-assisted malware detection studies that have used standard ML techniques to detect the malware signatures. Next, to address the challenge of stealthy malware detection at the processor’s hardware level, we propose StealthMiner, a novel specialized time series machine learning-based approach to accurately detect stealthy malware trace at run-time using branch instructions, the most prominent HPC feature. StealthMiner is based on a lightweight time series Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCN) model that automatically identifies potentially contaminated samples in HPC-based time series data and utilizes them to accurately recognize the trace of stealthy malware. Our analysis demonstrates that using state-of-the-art ML-based malware detection methods is not effective in detecting stealthy malware samples since the captured HPC data not only represents malware but also carries benign applications’ microarchitectural data. The experimental results demonstrate that with the aid of our novel intelligent approach, stealthy malware can be detected at run-time with 94% detection performance on average with only one HPC feature, outperforming the detection performance of state-of-the-art HMD and general time series classification methods by up to 42% and 36%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69570616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptographic Techniques Based on Bio-Inspired Systems","authors":"P. Anghelescu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-9474-3.CH003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9474-3.CH003","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, bio-inspired techniques based on the cellular automata (CAs) and programmable cellular automata (PCAs) theory are used to develop information security systems. The proposed cryptosystem is composed from a combination of a CA as a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) and a PCA that construct the ciphering functions of the designed enciphering scheme. It is presented how simple elements named „cells” interact between each other using certain rules and topologies to form a larger system that can be used to encrypt/decrypt data sent over network communication systems. The proposed security system was implemented in hardware in FPGA devices of type Spartan 3E – XC3S500E and was analyzed and verified, including NIST statistical tests, to assure that the system has good security and high speed. The experimental results proves that the cryptographic techniques based on bio-inspired algorithms provides an alternative to the conventional techniques (computational methods).","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70429091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA Sequence Based Cryptographic Solution for Secure Image Transmission","authors":"Grasha Jacob, M. Annamalai","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-0105-3.CH021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0105-3.CH021","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of electronic transactions, images transmitted across the internet must be protected and prevented from unauthorized access. Various encryption schemes have been developed to make information intelligible only to the intended user. This chapter proposes an encryption scheme based on DNA sequences enabling secure transmission of images.","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70430879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodological Evaluation of Crypto-Watermarking System for Medical Images","authors":"Anna Babu, Sonal Ayyappan","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-1002-4.CH010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1002-4.CH010","url":null,"abstract":"Health care institution demands exchange of medical images of number of patients to sought opinions from different experts. In order to reduce storage and for secure transmission of the medical images, Crypto-Watermarking techniques are adopted. The system is considered to be combinations of encryption technique with watermarking or steganography means adopted for safe transfer of medical images along with embedding of optional medical information. The Digital Watermarking is the process of embedding data to multimedia content. This can be done in spatial as well as frequency domain of the cover image to be transmitted. The robustness against attacks is ensured while embedding the encrypted data into transform domain, the encrypted data can be any secret key for the content recovery or patient record or the image itself. This chapter presents basic aspects of crypto-watermarking technique, as an application. It gives a detailed assessment on different approaches of crypto-watermarking for secure transmission of medical images and elaborates a case study on it.","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IPHDBCM","authors":"E. Babu, C. Nagaraju, M. K. Prasad","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1763-5.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1763-5.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"Secure communication is one of the basic requirements for any network standard. Particularly, cryptographic algorithms have gained more popularity to protect the communication in a hostile environment. As the critical information that is being transferred over the wireless adhoc networks can be easily acquired and is vulnerable to many security attacks. However, several security communication threats had been detected and defended using conventional symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic mechanism, which are too difficult and resource consuming for such mobile adhoc networks. Recently, one of the severe security threats that have to be detected and defend in any type of network topology is blackhole attack and cooperative blackhole. Because of its severity, the black hole attack has attracted a great deal of attention in the research community. Comprehensively the results of the existing system conclude that the black hole attack on various mobile adhoc networks is hard to detect and easy to implement. This paper addresses to detect and defend the blackhole attack and cooperative blackhole attack using hybrid DNA-based cryptography (HDC) mechanism. Moreover, the proposed method upsurge the security issue with the underlying AODV routing protocol. Eventually, This Hybrid DNA-based Cryptography (HDC) is one of the high potential candidates for advanced wireless ad hoc networks, which require less communication bandwidth and memory in comparison with other cryptographic systems. The simulation results of this proposed method provide better security and network performances as compared to existing schemes.","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70443009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Image Steganography","authors":"C. Dhawale, N. D. Jambhekar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1763-5.ch020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1763-5.ch020","url":null,"abstract":"Digital data transmitted over the insecure communication can be prone to attacks. Intruders try various attacks to unauthorized access of the confidential information. The Steganography is such as security system that provide the protection to the images, text and other type of data digitally transferred through the data communication network. This chapter elaborates the basics of Digital Image Steganographic techniques from ancient era to digital edge, types of images used for the steganography, payload used for the steganography, various attacks and different algorithms that can provide the information security. The performance analysis of the various Digital Image Steganographic algorithms are discussed. The current applications and their necessities are discussed in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70442728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach of Symmetric Key Cryptography using Genetic Algorithm Implemented on GPGPU","authors":"K. Srinivasa, G. Siddesh, Srinidhi Hiriyannaiah, Anusha Morappanavar, Anurag Banerjee","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-8853-7.CH014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8853-7.CH014","url":null,"abstract":"The world of digital communication consists of various applications which uses internet as the backbone for communication. These applications consist of data related to the users of the application, which is confidential and integrity needs to be maintained to protect against unauthorized access and use. In the information hiding field of research, Cryptography is one of the wide techniques used to provide security to the internet applications that overcome the challenges like confidentiality, integrity, authentication services etc. In this paper, we present a novel approach on symmetric key cryptography technique using genetic algorithm that is implemented on CUDA architecture.","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70428863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authentication of Smart Grid","authors":"Melesio Calderon Munoz, M. Moh","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1763-5.ch015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1763-5.ch015","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical power grid forms the functional foundation of our modern societies, but in the near future our aging electrical infrastructure will not be able to keep pace with our demands. As a result, nations worldwide have started to convert their power grids into smart grids that will have improved communication and control systems. A smart grid will be better able to incorporate new forms of energy generation as well as be self-healing and more reliable. This paper investigates a threat to wireless communication networks from a fully realized quantum computer, and provides a means to avoid this problem in smart grid domains. We discuss and compare the security aspects, the complexities and the performance of authentication using public-key cryptography and using Merkel trees. As a result, we argue for the use of Merkle trees as opposed to public key encryption for authentication of devices in wireless mesh networks (WMN) used in smart grid applications.","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70443163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptographic Algorithms for Next Generation Wireless Networks Security","authors":"Vishnu Suryavanshi, G. C. Manna","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-8687-8.CH009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8687-8.CH009","url":null,"abstract":"At present a majority of computer and telecommunication systems requires data security when data is transmitted the over next generation network. Data that is transient over an unsecured Next Generation wireless network is always susceptible to being intercepted by anyone within the range of the wireless signal. Hence providing secure communication to keep the user's information and devices safe when connected wirelessly has become one of the major concerns. Quantum cryptography algorithm provides a solution towards absolute communication security over the next generation network by encoding information as polarized photons, which can be sent through the air security issues and services using cryptographic algorithm explained in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70429208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Parameterized Shared Key for AVK Approach","authors":"S. Prajapat, R. S. Thakur","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-0536-5.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0536-5.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"“Key” plays a vital role in every symmetric key cryptosystem. The obvious way of enhancing security of any cryptosystem is to keep the key as large as possible. But it may not be suitable for low power devices since higher computation will be done for longer keys and that will increase the power requirement which decreases the device's performance. In order to resolve the former specified problem an alternative approach can be used in which the length of key is fixed and its value varies in every session. This is Time Variant Key approach or Automatic Variable Key (AVK) approach. The Security of AVK based cryptosystem is enhanced by exchanging some parameters instead of keys between the communicating parties, then these parameters will be used to generate required keys at the receiver end. This chapter presents implementation of the above specified Mechanism. A model has been demonstrated with parameterized scheme and issues in AVK approach. Further, it has been analyzed from different users' perspectives. This chapter also highlights the benefits of AVK model to ensure two levels of security with characterization of methods for AVK and Estimation of key computation based on parameters only. The characteristic components of recent styles of key design with consideration of key size, life time of key and breaking threshold has also been pointed out. These characteristics are essential in the design of efficient symmetric key cryptosystem. The novel approach of AVK based cryptosystem is suitable for low power devices and useful for exchanging very large objects or files. This scheme has been demonstrated with Fibonacci-Q matrix and sparse matrix based diffused key information exchange procedures. These models have been further tested from perspective of hackers and cryptanalyst, to exploit any weakness with fixed size dynamic keys.","PeriodicalId":36072,"journal":{"name":"Cryptography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70430950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}