International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Farmers’ Profitability of Shrimp Farming","authors":"S. Islam, Naim Ahmmed, Mohammad Mizanul Haque Kazal, B. Dewan","doi":"10.15226/2572-3154/4/2/00130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/2/00130","url":null,"abstract":"The purposes of the study were to describe the socio-economic profile of shrimp farmers and to find out the factors influencing farmers’ profitability of the shrimp farming in the study area. The study was conducted in Bagerhat and Khulna districts of Bangladesh. A total number of 120 shrimp farmers were selected randomly as the sample of the study. The final data were collected during 1st November to 31st December, 2017 by using an interview schedule. Ten selected characteristics of the farmers were considered as the independent variables of the study. Farmers’ profitability of shrimp farming was considered as the dependent variable. The majority (55.8%) of the farmers said that shrimp farming is profitable. Multinomial logistic regressions analysis indicated that age, level of education, family size, experience in shrimp farming and organizational participation had significant positive contribution to their profitability. They were faced different problems in different level which are needed to mitigate by both public and private initiatives to increase the level of profitability. Key words: Farmer, profitability, shrimp farming and Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":359127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128272572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collective Marketing Enterprises among Small- Scale Organic and Low-input Farmers: Balancing Community-based Values in Relation to the Marketplace","authors":"Mecca J. Lowe, Joseph J. Molnar","doi":"10.15226/2572-3154/4/2/00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/2/00129","url":null,"abstract":"Direct marketing by small-scale, organically-oriented farmers in the United States has risen in popularity in recent decades in the form of farmers markets, Community Supported Agriculture, roadside stands and U-pick operations, yet some farmers struggle to find enough demand in their local, rural communities for these high-value organic or natural products. Because marketing to urban areas where demand is higher for these products can be time-consuming and cost-prohibitive, some farmers have initiated marketing and distribution businesses that connect urban customers with locally produced organic foods through online shopping and correspondence. Using interviews, documents and observations gathered from three marketing businesses in northeastern Alabama and western Georgia, this study examines the social and economic functions of these businesses for farmers and consumers. We find that most farmers are not solely dependent on the internetbased income, but consider it an additional outlet often secondary to their own direct sales. This study also finds that although the farmers do not usually know the customers of the internet-based sales, they depend on their direct relationships with their private customers for understanding the needs and desires of online customers. Most farmers are highly embedded within the sustainable agriculture social movement, sharing values of environmental protection, human health and community food security. Finally, this study finds that the decisionmaking structure of each collective marketing enterprise (CME) was not found to be as important in determining the business practices. Instead, the market managers were the most influential in balancing economic motivations of the business with the community-oriented values held by farmers.","PeriodicalId":359127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122439872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Community Structure of Fermenting Grains in Fen Wine","authors":"Pan Zhen, K. Yue, Mengke Xu, Jihong Jiang","doi":"10.15226/2572-3154/4/2/00128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/2/00128","url":null,"abstract":"Fen wine is a typical representative of Daqu Fen-flavor liquor with traditional solid-state separation fermentation and secondary pure-steaming technology. Due to the non-sterile and open solid-state fermentation procedure, the bacteria community involved exhibit a high complexity. This makes it difficult to control the fermentation process, which is critical to the overall quality and taste of the Fen wine. In this study, we applied the Illumina MiSeq to characterize the overall bacteria species during the fermentation of grains. The results showed the changes of bacteria community structure, including the number of species and their relative quantity, which will help to standardize the fermentation procedure and provide a valuable quality control standard. Key words: Fen Wine; Fermenting Grains; Bacterial Diversity; High- Throughput Sequencing","PeriodicalId":359127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117268050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Economic Analysis of Potato Production in AchhaM District of Nepal","authors":"Sushil Chandra Sapkota, P. Rokaya, H. Acharya, S. Uprety","doi":"10.15226/2572-3154/4/2/00131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/2/00131","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the production and economics of potato in Achham district, Nepal. Sampling was conducted among the total of 90 registered farmers by simple random sampling method. The respondents were categorized into small and large scale farm holders based on the mean of the land holding under potato cultivation. The data were analyzed using SPSS, Stata and Microsoft excel. Cobb Douglas production function was used to find out the technological relationship between inputs used and output produced and to estimate and analyze the return to scale. The result of sociodemographic characters showed that the average household size, dependency ratio and area under potato cultivation was 7.53, 1.05 and 0.081 ha respectively. About 58% of respondents were growing potato in summer season. Human labor was the major input followed by seed, manure and bullock labor in both large and small farms. The production per household (kg), productivity (mt/ha) and price of yield (NRs. /kg) were 937.17, 12.287 and 30.33 respectively and there was significant difference in production (kg) per household between small scale farms (408.70) and large scale farms (1729.86). The total average cost, gross revenue and gross margin per hectare were estimated as NRs. 256,285.293, NRs. 373384.449 and NRs. 117099.156 respectively. The findings showed significant difference of variable cost between small and large scale farm which was due to the significant difference in use of inputs i.e. human and bullock labor mainly. Despite of adoption of improved potato production practices in most farms the average benefit cost ratio was 1.47. From the analysis of Cobb Douglas production function the inputs; human labor, seed and manure had positive relationship with income while bullock labor use had negative relation with the total income. The return to scale value was computed to be 1.033 indicating increasing return to scale in potato production in Achham district. Therefore, the findings suggest that, the production and income can be maximized if existing problems of irrigation, insect-pests, storage and marketing are solved and the inputs are made available in time and used properly. Keywords: Potato, Production, Cost, Economics, Production function","PeriodicalId":359127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture","volume":"10 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129031129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Seasonal and Cyclical Variation in Prices of Natural Rubber in India","authors":"Tutan Sutradhar, Sujoy Hazari, S.C.Nagpure","doi":"10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00127","url":null,"abstract":"Natural Rubber (NR) an agricultural product is an important raw material in a broad spectrum of industries such as automobile and pharmaceutical. NR sector has its local and global dimensions. Thus the trend and pattern of natural rubber price in India: an, exploratory analysis. Annual average price of natural rubber (NR) in India during the 18 year period from 2000-01 to 2017-18 was analyzed with the objectives of delineating the trend, identifying the different phases and direction of price movement and the contributing factors. Hence, the present study explores the seasonal and cyclical trend in domestic and international prices of natural rubber in India. The month wise seasonal index in domestic and international price of natural rubber was calculated by moving average method. It was lowest in the month of January and November and highest in the month of July and June in domestic and international market respectively. Thus, the farmer could not receive the better price by postponing the sale of produce during the month of September to February to later month of the year. The analysis of cyclical indices in both domestic and international price shows that there is an uneven cycle both in domestic and international market of natural rubber. The NR price in India did not show any significant pattern of consistent movement towards a particular direction in the long run. Keywords: Price; Natural Rubber and Cyclical indices;","PeriodicalId":359127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture","volume":"755 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132746414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Farmers' Perception towards the Effectiveness of Sustainable Land Management Practices in the Teleyayen Sub-Watershed of the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Alem-meta Assefa Agidew, K. N. Singh","doi":"10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00125","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of sustainable land management practice is to integrate people’s coexistence with nature over the long-term, so that the provisioning of supporting services of ecosystems. Hence, understanding farmer’s perception on the effectiveness of sustainable land management is vital. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Independent-sample t-test, chi-square, percentage, mean and standard deviation were employed to analyze the data. The result of the study indicated that land tenure security problem (32.6%) is one of the major factors affecting farmers land management practices, followed by unaffordable price of fertilizer (27%), lack of assistance from development agents (15.8%), lack of credit access (14%), and negative perception towards land management practices (10.7%). Sixtyfive percent of the focus group discussion participants also reported that the sustainable land management practices conducted in their area is not effective because of farmers’ reluctance to participate in soil and water conservation practices, lack of incentives, poverty, and lack of awareness about the long-term benefits of such practices. Moreover, the chi-square results of gender of the household head (X2=8.716), land tenure security (X2=6.595), and educational status of the household head (X2=11.738), found to be significant in explaining the correlation between farmers’ perception and the effectiveness of sustainable land management practices. Therefore, exploring farmers’ perception towards the effectiveness of sustainable land management practices is helpful because it would improve the quality of the environment so that farmlands will remain productive for a long period of time. Keywords: Ethiopia; Farmers’ perception; Land degradation; Sustainable land management;","PeriodicalId":359127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114168347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pumpkin: Horticultural Importance and Its Roles in Various Forms; a Review","authors":"Gufran Ahmad, A. Khan","doi":"10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00124","url":null,"abstract":"Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch ex Poir) is one of the important among the vegetable crops and native of Mexico and extensively cultivated in India, Africa, Latin America, Southern Asia and the United States. Since past times it is in the diet of agronomic and some metropolitan areas throughout the world while today pumpkin is more analyzed crop mid-October horticulture, commercial, industrialization, and research. There are few of scientific studies on its physiological, chemical, physicochemical, nutritional, functional and technological characteristics. There is some scientific literature on pumpkin has been highlighting its importance as a source of α and β-carotene, lutein, vitamin C (Ascorbic acid), dietary fibers, minerals etc and these nutritional and bioactive components are very important for providing benefits to human health. Many of the researchers agree to indicate that more of the scientific investigations are needed to achieve greater and better utilization of this important pumpkin crop. This review will focus on nutritional, minerals, physical, phytochemical, medicinal, industrial and some technological approaches of the pumpkin. Keywords: Diet; ethnomedicine; horticulture; nutrition; lphytochemical; pumpkin","PeriodicalId":359127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124125475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungicidal Effect of Some Plant Extracts against Tuber Dry Rot of White Yam (Dioscorea Rotundata Poir) Caused by Aspergillus Niger","authors":"V. Gwa, E. Ekefan","doi":"10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00123","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro study was carried out to test the efficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem), Nicotiana tabacum Linn. (Tobacco), rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Ginger) leaves of Carica papaya Lam. (pawpaw) and seeds of Piper nigrum Linn. (Black pepper) and a chemical fungicide (mancozeb) at three concentrations of plant extracts (30, 60 and 90 g/L) and mancozeb (4, 8 and 12 g/L). The concentrations were amended in potato dextrose agar (PDA). A. Niger was isolated from rotted tissues of yam tubers obtained from Kadarko in Keana Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The research was conducted at Advanced Plant Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. Results revealed that P. nigrum and Z.officinale were the best in fungi toxicity against A. niger at their respective concentrations throughout the period of incubation. This was followed by C. papaya, A. indica and N. tabacum respectively. Mancozeb gave 100 % inhibition at all concentrations tested throughout the period of incubation. Though all the extracts at all concentrations produced significant inhibitory effect (P ≤ 0.05) on mycelial growth of A. niger; the concentrations of 60 g/L and 90 g/L of the plant extracts and 4 g/L of mancozeb were considered more effective and are therefore, recommended for the control of A. niger. This has shown that there is high potential in these natural plant products for the control of yam disease if properly harnessed to replace chemical fungicide which are often harmful to the environment, toxic to man and very costly to purchase. Keywords: A. Niger; Concentrations; Fungitoxic; Inhibition; Mancozeb; Plant extracts;","PeriodicalId":359127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114398467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological Features of Infections Caused by Fusarium Equiseti (Corda) Sacc. In Onion Plants from Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria","authors":"Wadzani Dauda Palnam, Alao S. Emmanuel Laykay, A. B. Zarafi, O. Alabi, D. N. Iortsuun","doi":"10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00126","url":null,"abstract":"Histopathological features of onion tissues infected with Fusarium equiseti showed infection progress from the roots where the pathogen move through the vascular system to colonize the whole plant. At first, in the intercellular spaces of the root cortex but soon invaded the cells, followed by colonization of the cells by its hyphae and microconidia. At later stages, the cortex tissue became completely disorganized and decomposed as the pathogen advanced to the shoot system via the vessel elements. Keywords: Onion; Histopathology; Infection; Fusarium equiseti; Tissue; Cells;","PeriodicalId":359127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Horticulture & Agriculture","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122112503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}