Lisandra Paulino dos Santos, Alexandre Rodrigues Tôrres, Leonardo Baptista
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Destruction of Organophosphorous","authors":"Lisandra Paulino dos Santos, Alexandre Rodrigues Tôrres, Leonardo Baptista","doi":"10.5121/ijac.2024.10201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijac.2024.10201","url":null,"abstract":"The organophosphorus class of compounds has several usages nowadays. Some halogenated organophosphorus are used as flame retardants, and others are used as pesticides worldwide. In the last case, those compounds are subject to law regulation. They are now used as chemical weapons in many wars and terrorist attacks. Due to this variety of usages and the high toxicity of such compounds, the study of the proper treatment for residues containing those substances is significant to prevent the degradation of soil, water, and the atmosphere. For these reasons, the present study conducted numeric simulations of the incineration of organophosphorus compounds using kinetic models of combustion and pyrolysis found in the literature. The study of the degradation of this class of substances and the pollutant formation was made by simulating a homogeneous zeroth-order reactor and a continuous stirred tank reactor model. Due to the results of the simulations, the degradation made with the batch mode operation is efficient in the degradation of the substances considered in this work. The stream-containing process products have CO2, CO, HF, HOPO, and HOPO2. The three last cited have no determination about the emission ranges in the legislation, but their concentrations indicate the necessity of treatment for them. Furthermore, it was possible to evaluate the negative influence of the hydrocarbon used as fuel and the presence of CO2 in the degradation of the organophosphate compounds.","PeriodicalId":357718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mukasa Tebandeke I.Z, K. I, S. J, Wasajja H.Z, N. R, Kansiime Z
{"title":"How Physicochemical Parameters of Water Change with Distance in a Lake: Case Study Lake Bunyonyiinkigezi","authors":"Mukasa Tebandeke I.Z, K. I, S. J, Wasajja H.Z, N. R, Kansiime Z","doi":"10.5121/ijac.2021.7401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijac.2021.7401","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution resulting from unsustainable agricultural and urbanization activities in the Ruhezamyenda and Bunyonyi catchments are threatening lake Bunyonyi. These have led to high chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity, turbidity, pH, iron (II) concentration and low dissolved oxygen (DO5). In this study we have investigated the how COD, turbidity, pH, concentration of iron, total suspended solids, total nutrients and DO5 of water changed with distance in lake. Water sampled from different distances in the lake filtered using Whatman paper at ambient temperatures was tested for COD, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total nutrients, iron, hardness and DO5. COD was 20.8±.0.03mg/L to 16 ± 0.03mg/L; total hardness was 16.5±0.2 mg/L to 18.6 ± 0.3 mg/L total nitrate was 103.5± 2 mg/L to 88 ± 3 mg/L; total phosphate was 100.8 ±.2.5 to 87± 3 mg/L; high TSS values from 3.4 ± 0.1 mg/L to 2.5 ± 0.1 mg/L showed contamination of water. As pH decreased from 8.3 ± 0.03 to 7.6 ± 0.04 revealed that bases were getting removed. The turbidity dropped from 25.7 ± 0.3 NTU to 20 ± 2 NTU due settling down of sediments. Iron (II) concentration ranging from 1.1± 0.1 to 0.8± 0.1 mgL-1 . Dissolved oxygen decreased from 7.9 ±0.3 mg/L to 4.8 ± 0.2 mg/L indicating surface water can uphold life of aquatic organisms. Total hardness ranged from 0.22± 0.05 to 0.19± 0.05 mg/L Electrical conductivity was high and ranged from 130± 5 to 150± 5 µS/cm indicating presence of electrolytes. Lake Bunyonyi water is not greatly polluted, but requires to be safe guarded against poor unsustainable agricultural practices, sewage draining from towns, schools and hotels in nearby settlements.","PeriodicalId":357718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130796596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Volume 5, Number 2/3, August 2019","authors":"","doi":"10.5121/ijac.2019.5300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijac.2019.5300","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":357718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123105113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation of Reusable Pva-Nano Tio2 Foam For Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Justine Huang","doi":"10.5121/ijac.2019.5301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijac.2019.5301","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing industrialization, rapid economic development, and an ever-growing population, the problem of water pollution and water scarcity is increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that more than 800,000 annual diarrheal deaths are attributed to unsafe water usage. Furthermore, traditional wastewater treatment technologies, such as adsorption, chlorination, and biochemical methods are difficult to utilize for treating wastewater at low concentration for they lead to high toxicity. However, Nano TiO2-based photocatalytic technology is a new highefficiency and energy-saving alternative because NanoTiO2 can degrade organic pollutants into non-toxic compounds such as CO2 and H2O under the sunlight. Nonetheless, separating and recycling Nano TiO2 from water remains to be a huge challenge. Therefore, we prepared PVA-Nano TiO2 foam at high speed stirring, film laying, drying, and thermal crosslinking to embed in PVA for reuse and recycle. The morphology, structure, and photocatalytic performance of PVA-Nano TiO2 foam were characterized in detail by SEM, TGA, FTIR, UV-Vis, and so on. The results show the cell size of the foam is about 0.2-0.5 mm, and the swelling degree of PVA-Nano TiO2 foam is about 600%. The TiO2 nanoparticles also have no effect on thermal crosslinking of PVA. Under sunlight, the PVA-Nano TiO2 foam possesses photocatalytic activity that is higher than that of non-porous PVANano TiO2 film due to the higher permeability of water and impurity with higher porosity. In addition, the PVANano TiO2 foam exhibits good reusability under multi-cycle use. Thus, this novel design of PVA-Nano TiO2 foam is simple, eco-friendly, and effective with potential practical application value.","PeriodicalId":357718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130196711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the Properties of PTMG Oughener Modified Epoxy Resins","authors":"C. Shao","doi":"10.5121/ijac.2019.5101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijac.2019.5101","url":null,"abstract":"The E-51 epoxy resin was modified by PTMG toughener. The resin was cured under high temperature methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) as Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP shows that PTMG significantly reduced the glass transition temperature of test results shows that the presence of PTMG in the cured material increased maximum impact strength was achieved modulus, flexural strength, and fle smaller than the valve value, PTMG increased the cured material’s tensile and flexural strength as well as its tensile and flexural modulus. While the mass fraction of PTMG was larger than increase of the mass fraction of PTMG reduced the cured material’s strength and modulus.","PeriodicalId":357718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115263880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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