GeographyRN: Other Spatial Analysis (Sub-Topic)最新文献

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Does Time-Space Compression Affect Analysts’ Forecast Performance? 时空压缩会影响分析师的预测业绩吗?

GeographyRN: Other Spatial Analysis (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3839578

Kejing Chen, Wenqi Guo, Xiong Xiong

引用次数: 5

Comparison of Two Polynomial Geoid Models of GNSS/Leveling Geoid Development for Orthometric Heights in FCT, Abuja GNSS/水准大地水准面开发的两种多项式大地水准面模型比较

GeographyRN: Other Spatial Analysis (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2018-10-05 DOI: 10.31695/IJERAT.2018.3330

P. D. Oluyori, M. Ono, Eteje S. O.

{"title":"Comparison of Two Polynomial Geoid Models of GNSS/Leveling Geoid Development for Orthometric Heights in FCT, Abuja","authors":"P. D. Oluyori, M. Ono, Eteje S. O.","doi":"10.31695/IJERAT.2018.3330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31695/IJERAT.2018.3330","url":null,"abstract":"Ellipsoidal heights from GNSS require geoid model for conversion to orthometric height. The geoid model could be global, regional or local. The lack of national geoid model in Nigeria makes the development of local geoid very critical to local applications in place of integrated global geoid models. This study compares two polynomial geoid models for terrain representation in the FCT, Abuja. Nine coefficients were used to model the FCT surface for geoid interpolation and orthometric height modeling. Model A involved the use of the 2-D (x, y) positions while model B used 3-D (x, y, ∆h) where ∆h= (h ave – hi) the difference in average ellipsoidal height (h ave ) and each point’s ellipsoidal height (hi). The ∆h term is based on the assumption that the geoid varies with topography and may hence possibly lead to some improvements in the accuracy of orthometric height determination. DGPS observations were carried out to determine ellipsoid heights. Least squares adjustment was performed to compute the coefficients of the models. Model A achieved standard deviation of σ = 11 cm while Model B achieved σ = 13cm. Though Model B has a term that included highly accurate ellipsoidal height differences (∆h), it has not resulted into any accuracy improvement over the model A. Model A based on 2-D positions is hence the better of the two models. The t-test and hypothesis test at 95% confidence limit, however, showed that the two models did not differ significantly. Model A having lower standard deviation is recommended with GNSS determined ellipsoidal heights to determine orthometric heights within the FCT. This becomes an easy alternative to conventional spirit leveling technique for production of topographical maps, cadastral surveys, and engineering/environmental applications.","PeriodicalId":356862,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Other Spatial Analysis (Sub-Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116053487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Socio-Economic Rights and Expanding Access to Justice in South Africa: What Can Be Done? 南非的社会经济权利和扩大司法救助:可以做些什么?

GeographyRN: Other Spatial Analysis (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2017-07-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3759963

David Bilchitz

{"title":"Socio-Economic Rights and Expanding Access to Justice in South Africa: What Can Be Done?","authors":"David Bilchitz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3759963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3759963","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter seeks to address the pressing question of how to improve access to justice in South Africa with a focus on socio-economic rights. It seeks to accomplish this through, firstly, conceiving of access to justice as a capability and exploring its importance. That, in turn requires attending to two central aspects: the internal dimension – empowering individuals to make claims – and the external dimension – relating to the design and availability of adequate institutional mechanisms to hear claims and adjudicate upon them. The chapter then considers practically the shortcomings in relation to access to justice in South Africa on both dimensions, internal – such as a lack of education – and external – such as the inadequate funding of chapter 9 institutions and the inability of Magistrate’s Courts to hear fundamental rights matters. Importantly, the institutions dealing with access to justice are conceived of holistically and include not only the courts but also the Public Protector and South African Human Rights Commission. Having analyzed the obstacles, the chapter seeks to consider solutions to these problems and makes concrete policy recommendations to enhance access to justice in the country. It draws on a comparative dimension from best practices in India and Colombia in making these recommendations. The recommendations include enhancing education and simplified procedures (such as the tutela in Colombia) on the internal dimension. On the external dimension, I consider expanding the capacities of chapter 9 institutions, creating specialist courts, expanding the jurisdiction of lower courts and distinguishing structural and individual cases.","PeriodicalId":356862,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Other Spatial Analysis (Sub-Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131571695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0