{"title":"A Review of Air Pollution Control Policy Development and Effectiveness in China","authors":"Ying Li, Kevin W. P. Chen","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74928","url":null,"abstract":"Upon economic booming and rapid urbanization, China has been suffering from severe air pollution problem. While the Chinese government strives to reduce emissions through numerous laws, standards and policy measures, rapid economic and social changes challenge policy design and implementation. Over time, control policies have been largely ineffective and air quality in the majority of the nation has not been sig - nificantly improved and even worsened in many urban areas. This chapter reviews the development of the air pollution control policies in China’s nearly 70 years’ history and discusses some political and institutional factors that have resulted in the ineffective ness of policy implementation. We examined the pollution charge system, a key policy measure used in air pollution regulation between 1980s and 2000s, and highlighted some major changes in control policies since 2000s. A comparison of pollution control policies between China and the United States is also presented. The purpose of this chapter is to inform decision makers, particularly in the developing world, with some insights of improving policy designs and environmental governance in the control of air pollution.","PeriodicalId":355382,"journal":{"name":"Energy Management for Sustainable Development","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121461213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clean Energy Management","authors":"Ali Samadiafshar and Atiyye Ghorbani","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75452","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is at the heart of most critical economic, environmental and developmental issues facing the world today. Clean, efficient, affordable and reliable energy services are indis pensable for global prosperity. Energy management and optimization solution can help reduce energy costs while improving mill operational performance. Therefore, the focus of this chapter is on energy-related issues and it discusses dedicated technological solutions to the growing global needs for sustainable development. In addition, there are a number of other issues, including the latest innovations in terms of clean energy in industry and infrastructure, and improving operational efficiency will be discussed in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":355382,"journal":{"name":"Energy Management for Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128691739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Historical Drivers of Energy Infrastructure Change in Nigeria (1800–2015)","authors":"Norbert Edomah","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter, building on a previously published paper, presents the key historical drivers of energy infrastructure change in Nigeria. The study revealed five main drivers that impacted on the Nigerian energy transitions which are: (a) Policy and institutional interventions on energy; (b) Technological interventions and energy technology pathways; (c) Social (societal) practices and public values for energy; (d) Avail- able energy resource options; and (e) Economic considerations. Based on these drivers, four important influences that impacted on energy systems choices and the kind of energy infrastructure Nigeria ended up with were also discussed. These influences are: (a) Politics and energy governance structures; (b) Technological changes; (c) Energy resources (and the quantity of available reserves); (d) The geographies of energy. It concludes by highlighting some of the implications of these influences on the future of energy in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":355382,"journal":{"name":"Energy Management for Sustainable Development","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132782686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards a Sustainable Energy Future for Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"S. Situmbeko","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75953","url":null,"abstract":"Current global population is estimated at 7.5 billion with 1.25 billion living in developed countries and 6.25 billion in less developed countries. Africa’s population is approxi-mated at 1.25 billion with 1.02 billion in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, an estimated 1.4 billion people lack access to electricity and 3 billion rely on solid fuels for cooking and space heating. Two thirds of those lacking access to electricity live in sub-Saharan Africa, whereas only about 16% of those in sub-Saharan Africa use modern energy forms as the primary cooking fuel. Lack of access to electricity has adverse socio-economic effects, while heavy reliance on solid fuels has negative socio-economic, health, and environmental impacts. Several initiatives are being undertaken to mitigate the situation; notable are future aspirations for universal access to clean and modern energy expressed in the 2030 sustainable development goals (goal number 7), 2063 African Union Commission Agenda, Paris Agreement, and the United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (SE4A). This chapter discusses the past and present energy situation and presents possible sce- narios for a sustainable energy future in sub-Saharan Africa, with a particular emphasis on Southern Africa.","PeriodicalId":355382,"journal":{"name":"Energy Management for Sustainable Development","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133412145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pertiwiningrum, Cahyono Agus Dk, Margaretha ArnitaWuri
{"title":"Renewable Energy of Biogas Through Integrated Organic Cycle System in Tropical System","authors":"A. Pertiwiningrum, Cahyono Agus Dk, Margaretha ArnitaWuri","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74497","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is a critical requirement for economic development and specifically to improve the conditions that influence all aspects of human welfare. However, the majority of people in developing countries have no access to reliable and affordable domestic energy sources. Development of organic material as sources of renewable energy through biomass, bio gas, biofuel, bioreactor, algae fuel, biohydrogen, and so on, with better biotechnology by genetic improvement, environmental manipulation, purification, packing, compressing, are important for sustainable development. Biogas becomes one of the solutions to meet the energy need in rural areas of developing countries. However, the implementation of biogas has many challenges. Biogas produced from different biosources may contain pol - lutants that should be removed. The quality of biogas, represented by methane enrich ment, can be improved with biogas purification technology. Removing the pollutants is recommended to avoid severe downstream damage and to increase the calorific value. This chapter discusses biogas purification.","PeriodicalId":355382,"journal":{"name":"Energy Management for Sustainable Development","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133898676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electric Vehicle Promotion Policy in Taiwan","authors":"Li Cheng","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74019","url":null,"abstract":"The developmental patterns of automotive industries in developing countries differ from those in developed countries. Nations should actively and effectively develop an elec tric vehicle (EV) industry to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption, especially during this period of increasing fuel prices and emphasis on saving energy and reducing carbon emissions. From interdisciplinary perspectives, this study analyzed the promotion methods of the EV industry in Taiwan. In addition, we suggest that the Taiwan government should use its advantages in Central Taiwan to assemble mature suppliers of precision machinery in this area to facilitate long-term research and devel opment for the EV industry. This study provides an empirical experience for emerging cities in developing countries regarding the development of the EV industry and is an appropriate reference for the creation of EV industry clusters.","PeriodicalId":355382,"journal":{"name":"Energy Management for Sustainable Development","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129934157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}