Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products最新文献

Biodiesel Production as a Renewable Resource for the Potential Displacement of the Petroleum Diesel 生物柴油生产作为替代石油柴油的可再生资源

Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products Pub Date : 2020-07-06 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93013

Ifeanyichukwu Edeh

{"title":"Biodiesel Production as a Renewable Resource for the Potential Displacement of the Petroleum Diesel","authors":"Ifeanyichukwu Edeh","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.93013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93013","url":null,"abstract":"In the quest to comply with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on reducing the global temperature to 1.5–2.0°C as a measure to minimize the climate change caused by the emission of greenhouse gases from the combustion of fossil fuels, and the need for replacement of these fossil fuels, which are also generally believed to be depleting, biodiesel is being studied as a potential replacement for the conventional petroleum diesel. This fuel among other desired properties is renewable, biodegradable, sustainable, and emits less particles. It also contains no amount of sulfur, in addition to possessing most of the good characteristics of petroleum diesel. At the moment, more than 95% of biodiesel produced globally is obtained from vegetable oil feedstocks, which are usually very expensive and thus, without tax waiver and subsidy, makes biodiesel non-competitive with the petroleum diesel. Based on this, non-edible feedstocks are being investigated. Although, their oil yield is low, studies are carried out to ensure efficient extraction. The economics of the process is considered to determine the most economic variables that impact the profitability of biodiesel production. This chapter deals with the biodiesel classification, feedstocks, lipid/oil extraction, biodiesel production methods and the economic aspect of the process.","PeriodicalId":352923,"journal":{"name":"Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121055419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Lignin Hydrothermal Liquefaction into Bifunctional Chemicals: A Concise Review 木质素水热液化成双功能化学品综述

Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products Pub Date : 2020-01-21 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90860

Yahaya Alhassan, U. Hornung, I. Bugaje

{"title":"Lignin Hydrothermal Liquefaction into Bifunctional Chemicals: A Concise Review","authors":"Yahaya Alhassan, U. Hornung, I. Bugaje","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90860","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin, the second largest biomass after cellulose is underutilized. Yet, it remains the only natural source of aromatic, and phenolic compounds. It is imperative to, amidst the expanding interest on biomass conversion, to accord the necessary attention towards lignin degradation into value added chemicals. Specifically, its phenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl derivatives. Understanding lignin degradation chemistry, goes a long way in its selective valorization into fuels and chemicals via thermochemical routes such as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Therefore, development of technologies targeting value addition of products and by-products from lignin, would undoubtedly give way to emerging markets in the industry. Previous review papers focused on the general HTL of biomass, food waste, algae, and their model compounds. However, review on HTL of lignin is scarcely available. This paper presents the detailed literature analyses of the current trend in lignin degradation via HTL. Effect of HTL conditions including temperature, heating rate and catalyst has been reviewed. In-depth discussion on use of ionic liquids as catalyst for HTL of lignin has also been compiled. Other lignin degradation techniques such as pyrolysis and hydrolysis were also discussed. This is aimed at bringing together an up-to-date information on lignin degradation into selected chemical intermediates.","PeriodicalId":352923,"journal":{"name":"Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129006865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Biogas as a Source of Energy and Chemicals 沼气作为能源和化学品的来源

Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products Pub Date : 2020-01-13 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90558

S. Damyanova, V. Beschkov

{"title":"Biogas as a Source of Energy and Chemicals","authors":"S. Damyanova, V. Beschkov","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90558","url":null,"abstract":"The global economic development in the twentieth century has led to extensive use of fossils, such as oil, natural gas, and coal as fuels and chemical feedstocks. This extensive use of fossil fuels has led to enormous emissions of carbon dioxide as final product of combustion. The high absorption rate of infra-red rays by carbon dioxide has led to the so-called “greenhouse” effect. Nowadays, the renewable energy sources based on biomass have become very important with a trend to replace oil consumption at least partially and hence to remediate the emissions of greenhouse gases in atmosphere. Biofuels could be used as alternative raw material for chemical production. One of these biofuels is biogas released at anaerobic digestion of different natural organic waste. Another feature of biogas applications is its utilization as feedstock for the production of synthetic fuels and chemicals being now produced from oil and coal. A new approach is to use biogas as a fuel in fuel cells as a very promising option for energy production from renewable sources. The present review summarizes the applications of biogas for chemicals, starting with dry reforming and Fischer-Tropsch syntheses and as a source of energy, as heat and electricity production by co-generation and fuel cells.","PeriodicalId":352923,"journal":{"name":"Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132856217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Integrating Whole Cell Biotransformation of Aroma Compounds into a Novel Biorefinery Concept 将芳香化合物的全细胞生物转化转化为一种新的生物炼制概念

Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products Pub Date : 2019-08-14 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88158

R. Hirschmann, W. Reule, T. Oppenländer, F. Baganz, V. Hass

{"title":"Integrating Whole Cell Biotransformation of Aroma Compounds into a Novel Biorefinery Concept","authors":"R. Hirschmann, W. Reule, T. Oppenländer, F. Baganz, V. Hass","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88158","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of aroma compounds that are utilized as precursors of multiple synthesis chains in the pharmaceutical industries and as ingredients in food and fragrance industries can be carried out using chemical processes, enzyme biocatalysis and whole cell biotransformation. Whole cell biotransformation has the potential of being more environmentally benign than chemical synthesis and more cost-effective as compared to enzyme catalysis. In a recently published study by the authors, the aroma compound Ethyl(3)hydroxybutyrate was produced by whole cell biotransformation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The yield of the anaerobic processes was similar to that of the aerobic processes, but additionally generated CO 2 and ethanol as useful by-products. In this chapter we illustrate how the production process of Ethyl(3)hydroxybutyrate by whole cell biotransformation can be integrated into a novel biorefinery concept, based on the finding that the production of Ethyl(3)hydroxybutyrate under anaerobic conditions is efficient and environmentally friendly. CO 2 may be converted to bio-methane together with H 2 produced from excess regenerative power. A life cycle assessment confirmed that the anaerobic whole cell biotransformation process embedded into a biorefinery concept including bio-methane production has a lower environmental impact as compared to a concept based on the aerobic whole cell biotransformation. E3HB could be produced. In the anaerobic process, 14.8 g L −1 E3HB and 41.6 g L −1 ethanol were produced. The yield Y E3HB/EAA for the anaerobic process was 0.78 as compared to 0.92 for the aerobic process. These results show that the biotransformation may be conducted aerobically as well as anaerobically, although up to now it was usually conducted aerobically.","PeriodicalId":352923,"journal":{"name":"Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115774369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated Soybean Biorefinery 综合大豆生物炼制

Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products Pub Date : 2019-07-18 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88111

F. Pessoa, H. Villardi, E. Calixto, Érika Durão Vieira, Ana Lucia Barbosa de Souza, B. A. Machado

引用次数: 3