Marc D. Angel, Sanjana Goswami, Antonio Rodriguez‐Lopez
{"title":"Chinese import exposure and U.S. occupational employment","authors":"Marc D. Angel, Sanjana Goswami, Antonio Rodriguez‐Lopez","doi":"10.4324/9781351061544-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351061544-11","url":null,"abstract":"Import competition has heterogenous impacts across occupations. This paper estimates the effects of import exposure from China on employment in U.S. occupations from 2002 to 2014. After obtaining occupation-specific measures of Chinese import exposure and sorting occupations in tertiles from low to high wage, from routine to non-routine, and from low to high education, we find that Chinese import competition reduces employment in lower-indexed occupations under each sorting criteria. The employment reduction in the lowest tertile of occupations occurs in Chinese-trade exposed and unexposed sectors, which suggests the existence of local labor market effects in the presence of a strong regional concentration of lower-indexed occupations. JEL Classification: F14, F16","PeriodicalId":350470,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Evolution","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116421364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating productivity using Chinese data: methods, challenges and results","authors":"Scott D. Orr, Daniel Trefler, Miaojie Yu","doi":"10.4324/9781351061544-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351061544-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":350470,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Evolution","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122766014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade competition and reallocations in a small open economy","authors":"Marc J. Melitz, L. Ing, Miaojie Yu","doi":"10.4324/9781351061544-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351061544-3","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, I develop a simple model of firm heterogeneity with endogenous markups. The endogenous markups stem from preferences that feature variable elasticities of substitution (VES) in a monopolistically competitive environment. Although the model is kept general along some key dimensions (both preferences and technology heterogeneity are left un-parametrized), I show how it is still amenable to simple, mostly graphical, comparative statics analyses of asymmetric trade liberalization (for either imports or exports) by applying these to the case of a “small” open economy.1 The comparative statics analyses for trade liberalization are applied to describe both short-run and long-run effects of liberalization – where the latter allows for a response of firm entry to liberalization. These effects are described both in a partial equilibrium setting where wages in a given sector are fixed and trade need not be balanced; as well as in a general equilibrium setting where wages across countries adjust to balance trade. Although the preferences are left unparametrized, they are restricted to a broad class of additively separable preferences that generates predictions for markups under monopolistic competition that are consistent with a large set of established empirical patterns. These patterns include evidence for markup differences across firms (larger firms set larger markups), as well as for changes in markups associated with incomplete pass-through of cost changes into prices.2 A substantial portion of the theoretical trade literature analyzing the response of heterogeneous exporters assumes constant markups – based on the assumptions of constant elasticity of substitution ∗I thank Xiang Ding for superb research assistance, and Gene Grossman and Lili Yan Ing for their comments and feedback. Demidova and Rodríguez-Clare (2013) show how to extend the standard competitive version of a small open economy to the case of product differentiation and imperfect competition with heterogeneous producers. This is the same version that is applied here. See the evidence reviewed in De Loecker and Goldberg (2014), Burstein and Gopinath (2014).","PeriodicalId":350470,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Evolution","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117320544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Lei Li, L. Ing, Miaojie Yu
{"title":"Understanding regional export growth in China","authors":"David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Lei Li, L. Ing, Miaojie Yu","doi":"10.4324/9781351061544-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351061544-6","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we use disaggregated data on regional trade in China to assess the channels through which the country's exports have surged. As a starting point for our analysis, we use a Bartik (1991) shift-share approach to evaluate the common component of industry-level export growth across regions in China. If regional comparative advantage or industry agglomeration patterns are roughly stable over decadal time periods, then export growth across regions will vary according to their initial patterns of industrial specialization and which industries enjoyed rapid export growth at the national level. We also consider the impact of explicit measures of policy change that the literature has identified as drivers of China's trade expansion, including reductions of tariffs final goods, tariffs on imported intermediate inputs, trade-policy uncertainty for China in the U.S. market, and MFA quotas on apparel and textile products. We find that a simple Bartik measure has substantial predictive power for China's regional export growth. Once we add the Bartik measure to the analysis, the impacts of reduced input and output tariffs or trade-policy uncertainty on China's export growth fall substantially and become statistically insignificant. These tariff-based predictors of export growth are also very sensitive to the inclusion of time trends across provinces and broad sectors, whereas the Bartik measure has considerably more success in predicting variation in export growth within provinces and sectors. There is little evidence that regions more exposed to the elimination of MFA quotas enjoyed faster export growth.","PeriodicalId":350470,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Evolution","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131241941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade in goods and trade in services","authors":"J. Eaton, Samuel Kortum","doi":"10.4324/9781351061544-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351061544-4","url":null,"abstract":"Structural gravity modeling has advanced substantially in the last two decades. Trade in merchandise, particularly in manufactures, has either explicitly or implicitly inspired most modeling approaches. In fact, manufactures constitute the largest component of trade, but, according to data reported to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), trade in services has grown enormously in the last several decades, to the point where it now constitutes about a quarter of total trade involving OECD countries. Our goal in this chapter is to examine basic features of services trade and to ask how well current modeling strategies capture these features. We then propose and quantify extensions to a basic structural gravity model that we think incorporate these features. Our extended model allows us to handle goods trade and services trade in an encompassing framework. Modeling such trade is daunting because traded services include such diverse activities as tourism, financial services, wholesale and retail trade, innovation, and artistic creation. In an attempt to systematize thinking, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) classifies services exports into four modes of supply:","PeriodicalId":350470,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Evolution","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117169655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The ‘China shock’ in trade: consequences for ASEAN and East Asia","authors":"R. Feenstra, Akira Sasahara","doi":"10.4324/9781351061544-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351061544-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":350470,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Evolution","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121379999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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