Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Role of Physiotherapyin Respiratory Rehabilitation and Managing COVID-19 Patients in All Stages of the Disease","authors":"Petty Miyanda","doi":"10.21617/jprm2022.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/jprm2022.414","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Physiotherapists play a crucial role in the management of corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients in all stages for better health (physical and social) outcomes. This document outlines and summarizes the updated official guidelines on roles and recommendations for physiotherapists in the management of all COVID-19 stages in acute hospital settings issued by World Confederation for physical therapy, World Health Organization and Associations of Physical Therapy in various countries. Methods:An introductory literature search was conducted by using keywords including “COVID-19”, “respiratory rehabilitation”, “physical therapy”, and others in the database of the Associations of Physical Therapy. Results:Using coronavirus disease-2019 rehabilitation-related articles data was summarized on various guidelines and recommendations involving respiratory rehabilitation and general physiotherapy evaluation; treatment; indications; contraindications; and termination indicators for patients in different stages (acute, stable and recovery) of (COVID-19)Conclusion:Respiratory and physical therapy (PT) for patients with coronavirus disease should be conducted according to the stage of the disease and condition of the patient. This article is intended for use by physiotherapy personnel and other relevant health personnel in the acute care setting caring for patients with confirmed COVID-19 highlighting their roles regarding patient assessment, management strategies, indications, contraindications and termination of physical therapy.","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132222245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Providers’ Perspective on Barriers to Patient Safety Incident Reporting in Lusaka District","authors":"Gabriel B. Yali, S. Nzala","doi":"10.21617/jprm2022.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/jprm2022.417","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many studies from a number of different nations around the world have consistently demonstrated unacceptably high rates of medical injury and preventable deaths. However, research shows that patient safety from developing countries is still infrequent and that frontline healthcare practitioners have concerns about patient safety which are yet to be looked at. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring concerns related to safety of patients receiving clinical care.Methods: In-depth, face to face interviews with 33 frontline healthcare practitioners and managers were conducted. The sample was collected at two largest hospitals in Lusaka, one offering mental health and the other one acute health services. Results: The findings were broadly categorized into staff-related and institutional-related challenges. Most incidents committed by them were going unreported. Challenges in maintaining patient safety were also attributed to lack of guidelines, standardized reporting system, patient overcrowding, poor hospital building design and staff shortages. These make it challenging in maintaining patient safety measures.Conclusion: In as much as patient safety is one of the priority areas in most healthcare systems of developing countries, incident reporting is not being done across the board. A number of factors are acting as barriers. There is a lot more that need to be done in order to improve the safety of patients in most developing countries and thus, with the current trend, patient safety incidents will continue harming patients receiving clinical care as long as these barriers exist.","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"86 7-8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122424571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Pandemic to Endemic COVID-19; Rethinking Omicron and What Policy Moving Forward","authors":"B. Chiluba","doi":"10.21617/jprm2022.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/jprm2022.411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131864572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Public Health in Africa: a call for new Perspectives in Health System Strengthening","authors":"D. Jato, B. Maila, Mah Asombang, Hoda K. Hassan","doi":"10.21617/jprm2022.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/jprm2022.412","url":null,"abstract":"Africa accounts for nearly half of all deaths resulting from communicable diseases globally. A deteriorating health system can be attributed to these deaths. Unfortunately, most African countries have some of the weakest health systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that strong health systems are critical for the improvement of health outcomes and for accelerating progress towards the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to health. This has led to the rise of health system strengthening as a political agenda for countries in the WHO African Region. At a time when countries in this region are facing an economic downturn, the novel coronavirus, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)” adds to the challenges faced in health system strengthening. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed major weaknesses in health systems globally, presenting a major threat to the already fragile health systems in Africa, revealing the urgent need for stronger health systems in Africa. In this paper, we present an updated literature review of the pertinent gaps in Africa’s health systems and synthesized the findings by utilizing the six basic building blocks of health system strengthening (health workforce, access to equipment and essential medicines, service delivery, health information systems, leadership & governance) and other related aspects (health policy, health research, health monitoring and evaluation and disaster preparedness) in the context of COVID-19. Finally, the paper identifies priority strategies for health system strengthening in Africa.","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114687978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of Anticholinergics and Antipsychotics Prescribing at Chainama Hills College Hospital, Lusaka-Zambia","authors":"Francisca T Bwalya, J. Mwanza, Paul Ravi","doi":"10.21617/JPRM2021.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/JPRM2021.327","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Antipsychotics are the main pharmacological treatment for psychosis. Anticholinergic drugs are sometimes prescribed with antipsychotics to treat or as prophylaxis for extrapyramidal side effects. Antipsychotic treatment guidelines recommend that anticholinergics should not be prescribed indiscriminately as prophylaxis for extrapyramidal side effects to patients using antipsychotic drugs, but only when there is high risk or evidence of extrapyramidal side effects, as they can cause significant central and peripheral side effects which have a potential to affect treatment outcomes. The objective of the study was to assess the trends in the prescribing of antipsychotics and anticholinergics.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted at Chainama Hills College Hospital in Zambia. An open-ended questionnaire was administered to 26 prescribers and 311 files for patients were reviewed who had an antipsychotic or anticholinergic drug prescribed. The prescription pattern of patient files was compared with theNational Institute for Health and Care Excellenceguidelines as a gold standard.Results:The antipsychotic distribution showed that 76.1% were prescribed a typical antipsychotic, 18.1% an atypical antipsychotic and 5.8% were on both typical and atypical antipsychotic. 28.2% of the patients on antipsychotics were prescribed anticholinergics (Trihexyphenidyl). 46.2% of the prescribing clinicians stated that they prescribe anticholinergics when a patient develops extrapyramidal side effects rather than concurrently with antipsychotics or when a high dose of antipsychotics has been prescribed.Conclusion:The trend in antipsychotic and anticholinergic prescribing in Lusaka-Zambia were not consistent with recommended guidelines. Majority of patients are on typical antipsychotics rather than atypical antipsychotics. Most patients were administered above optimal dose of antipsychotics though polypharmacy was solemnly practiced. Recommend that further studies to explore factors contributing to this trend are conducted.","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115543380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on the Antidiabetic Activity of Kigelia Africana","authors":"Tumelo Muyenga-Akapelwa, Christian E. Ezaela, F. Mushabati, Samuel Dominion Kayonde Bamitale, D. Kibuule","doi":"10.21617/jprm2021.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/jprm2021.326","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists continue to investigate the use of Kigelia Africana plant parts for the management of diabetes. However, there is still little published information discussing active antidiabetic principles, especially in the fruit. Further, there is limited information discussing the mechanism by which the plant extract provides its antidiabetic activity. While studies have showed that the plant stem bark’s extract has a large therapeutic index, there is no published information discussing the mutagenic properties of the plant.","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130333636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney Disease for People Living with HIVin Sub-Saharan Africa; A Systematic Review","authors":"B. Chiluba","doi":"10.21617/JPRM2021.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/JPRM2021.323","url":null,"abstract":"People living with HIV have been known to have a higher risk and threat of kidney disease. Globally, the prevalence of kidney disease for PLWH is postulated to be 6.4%. This prevalence is different for many different parts of the world, with 7.9% in Africa, 7.1% in North America, 5.7% in Asia and 3.7% in Europe. This systematic review set out to review and collect evidence from literature source and to provide a summary about factors influencing kidney disease for PLWH in Africa. We hypothesized that TDF containing ART is significantly associated with kidney disease. A systematic review and search of data was performed and all articles included were English articles from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase. We carried out the selection of titles in three distinct phases: titles alone, abstracts, and then full text articles. 7 papers were included. While TDF was included in the ART regimens in all the studies, there was wide variation in ART combinations and concurrent medications and durations thereof.All studies except one included only adult patients of both men and women. Majority of the studies highlighted kidney disease and mostly these were hospital-based data. the findings establish a significant association between kidney disease and TDF use, but in terms of the clinical significance and weighting the risks against the benefits, we cannot discourage the continual use of the drug.","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"59 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132054115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Physiotherapy Intervention and the Level of Community Reintegration of Stroke Survivors In Accra, Ghana","authors":"Dorcas Kyela Yusuf, S. Kwakye, J. Quartey","doi":"10.21617/JPRM2021.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/JPRM2021.318","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability in the world. During rehabilitation, there appears to be little or no emphasis placed on reintegrating the stroke survivors into their communities.The study sought out to determine the relationship between physiotherapy and the level of community reintegration among stroke survivors.Method: This observational study involved51 stroke survivors referred to physiotherapy departments of selected hospitals in Accra. Participants completed the Reintegration to Normal Living Index and the Modified Rankin Scale at baseline and after 8 weeks of physiotherapy sessions. Wilcoxon’s test was used to assess the difference between the baseline and end point scores for reintegration and disability while Chi square and Spearman correlation were used to test for associations between physiotherapy intervention and community reintegration. A p-value of 0.05 was set.Results: The mean reintegration score at baseline was 55.5±17.00 and 76±14.00 at end point (p = 0.001) while the mean disability score at baseline was 3.43±0.67 and 2.31±0.68 at end point (p = 0.001) showing a significant level of improvement from baseline to endpoint of the reintegration and disability scores. There was a low association between duration of stroke (p=0.008) and duration of physiotherapy (p=0.038) with regards to reintegration 8 weeks post physiotherapy.Conclusion: Physiotherapy plays a role in the reintegrating of stroke survivors into their communities. Incorporation of community reintegration into rehabilitation programmes for stroke survivors could be useful. Efforts to include physiotherapy to reintegrate stroke survivors could therefore be strengthened","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126818906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2020; 2(1): 8-16PublishedOnline:01/10/2020 (https://journals.unza.zm/index.php?journal=medicine) DOI: 10.21617/jprm2020.213ISSN: 2415-038X (Print)Received: 14August2020Accepted: 16August 2020Published: 1October2020RESEARCH ARTICLEOpen AccessComparison of Serologic Diagnosis of Taeniosis and Cysticer","authors":"Dominic Sashi, I. Phiri, M. Chembensofu, C. Sikasunge, P. Dorny, J. Noh, S. Gabriël, K. Mwape","doi":"10.21617/jprm2020.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/jprm2020.213","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of epilepsy in Taenia soliumendemic regions of the world accounting for about 30% of all epileptic cases. The main aim of this study was to do aComparison of Serologic Diagnosis of Taeniosis and Cysticercosis in Field Samples from Eastern Zambia.Methods: Retrospectively collectedSamples through community-based cross sectional and longitudinal studies which looked at the prevalence and incidence of human T. solium infections, respectively, and described in earlier reports were selected for this laboratory based study. Samples, with coproantigen ELISA and serum antigen ELISA which the results were known were randomly selected for this study.Results: A total of 886 serum samples were analyzed. The rT24 /rES33 EITB detected a taeniosis and cysticercosis prevalence of 5.9% and 9.5%, respectively. On performance the Kappa statistics revealed a fair agreement of rT4/rES33 EITB (Kappa value of 0.2781-0.2117) compared to coproantigen ELISA and serum antigen ELISA. Although there is not a good agreement between the antibody and antigen test.Conclusion: This study found that the performance of rT4/rES33 EITB compared to copro antigen ELISA and serum antigen ELISA were fair and because the agreement was not good between the antibody and antigen test the, selection of a test must be carefully made, with consideration of what is needed. Keywords:Taenia solium diagnosis; coproantigen ELISA; immunodiagnosis; Ag-ELISA; recombinant T24/ES33 EITB","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116410368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Best Time to Start Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of the Evidence in ResourceAdequate and Resource Constrained Settings","authors":"Margaret M Mweshi, Hastings Shula, Loveness A Nkhata, B. Chiluba","doi":"10.21617/jprmv1i1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21617/jprmv1i1.55","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is a global health problem and one of the major causes of death, disability and impairment among adults worldwide. Post-stroke outcomes vary widely, between and within world regions depending on a range of factors including demographic profile, stroke type, severity and immediate and long-term post stroke care. It has been reported that early initiation of rehabilitation following stroke promotes better long-term outcomes than delayed rehabilitation, although this has been disputed by some researchers in the AVERT (A very early rehabilitation trial) study. Purpose of Review: To evaluate the best time to start stroke rehabilitation with good outcomes Results of the Review: There is limited evidence to show that later rehabilitation is better than early rehabilitation. It also remains unclear whether early mobilization is more effective than mobilization at a later stage, due to insufficient statistical power of the studies that have examined this practice because clinicians around the world are practicing this model to this day. Furthermore, some trial limitations of the AVERT study in line with the uncertainty of the external validity of the results, make generalizability something to be concerned about. Conclusion: The best time to start stroke rehabilitation is as soon as the patient is clinically stable i.e; as early as possible. The results of the poor outcomes of the AVERT study in providing evidence of the impact of early stroke rehabilitation, should not be interpreted as proof of the ineffectiveness of early physical rehabilitation. Every stroke is different from one person to another because the impact of the damage to the brain is associated with the different functions of several parts of the brain making generalizability quite difficult. Therefore, in the absence of provision of high quality evidence, clinicians like physiotherapists should base their decisions on clinical experience, individual circumstances and patient preferences as appropriate. It is extremely important to develop evidence-based practice protocols that can guide clinical practice on the best time to start stroke rehabilitation and also enhancing plasticity and reducing the negative impact of stroke through pharmacotherapy, especially for","PeriodicalId":350095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116821847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}