Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy最新文献

Introductory Chapter: A Brief Insight about Glycerol 导论章:关于甘油的简要见解

Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy Pub Date : 2019-09-11 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88062

M. Bartoli, Luca Rosi, Marco Frediani

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: A Brief Insight about Glycerol","authors":"M. Bartoli, Luca Rosi, Marco Frediani","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88062","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last century, oil-based economy drove the mankind on the edge of environmental collapse [1, 2]. Moreover, the continuous increment of oil consumption has rapidly decreased the worldwide reserves [3]. During the last decades, the increased accountability of companies with regards to environmental issues has represented a formidable driving force for the development of sustainable industrial processes together with innovative products. As a consequence, the production of fuels and chemicals has started to use recycled or renewable feedstocks in place of oil-based raw materials attempting to improve process sustainability [4]. Biodiesel commodities have been of the main driving forces of the sustainable economy simultaneously decreasing the emission of carbon dioxide and producing affordable biofuels for worldwide market. Actually, biodiesel production is mainly performed through transesterification of triglycerides using small chains alcohols (i.e., methanol, ethanol, etc.) leading to the massive production of glycerol as byproduct. A general estimation based on the actual production evaluate for 2020 an annual surplus of glycerol around to 4.2 × 106 ton/year [5].","PeriodicalId":349621,"journal":{"name":"Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132784302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Inclusion of Crude Glycerin in Diets for Sheep 绵羊饲粮中粗甘油的添加量

Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy Pub Date : 2019-06-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86683

Marco Túlio Costa Almeida, Josimari Regina Paschoaloto

{"title":"Inclusion of Crude Glycerin in Diets for Sheep","authors":"Marco Túlio Costa Almeida, Josimari Regina Paschoaloto","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86683","url":null,"abstract":"Crude glycerin is the main by-product of biodiesel industry. It has a great potential for reducing the feed costs in ruminant feedlot systems without affecting animal health and performance, mainly as a replacement for conventional food energy sources, such as corn grain. In the past years, great advancements have been achieved with crude glycerin utilization. This by-product is mainly composed of glycerol, an energetic compound of great assimilation by rumen microorganisms, being extensively metabolized in the liver. Recent studies with ovine species have demonstrated that high concentrations of glycerol (more than 76% of crude glycerin) can be used without detrimental effect for animals. In the rumen, glycerol is rapidly metabolized by microorganisms to form volatile fatty acids (VFA), mainly propionate and butyrate. In this way, glycerol constitutes an excellent substrate for gluconeogenesis and animal energy generation. At present, the inclusion of up to 20% of dry matter (DM) in a total diet seems to be the most interesting strategy, as it promotes greatest animal performance. However, other studies suggest that high inclusions of crude glycerin (30% of dry matter) could be possible depending on market price and the structure of farm operation, with favorable economic results.","PeriodicalId":349621,"journal":{"name":"Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128204650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Production of Solketal Using Acid Zeolites as Catalysts 以酸性沸石为催化剂生产溶胶

Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85817

V. Rossa, Gisel Chenard Díaz, G. Muchave, D. Aranda, S. Pergher

引用次数: 6

Enzymatic Synthesis of Functional Structured Lipids from Glycerol and Naturally Phenolic Antioxidants 酶法合成甘油和天然酚类抗氧化剂的功能性结构脂类

Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy Pub Date : 2019-04-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85913

Jun Wang, Lin-lin Zhu, Jin‐Zheng Wang, Yanghao Hu, Shulin Chen

{"title":"Enzymatic Synthesis of Functional Structured Lipids from Glycerol and Naturally Phenolic Antioxidants","authors":"Jun Wang, Lin-lin Zhu, Jin‐Zheng Wang, Yanghao Hu, Shulin Chen","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85913","url":null,"abstract":"Glycerol is a valuable by-product in biodiesel production by transesterification, hydrolysis reaction, and soap manufacturing by saponification. The conversion of glycerol into value-added products has attracted growing interest due to the dramatic growth of the biodiesel industry in recent years. Especially, phenolic structured lipids have been widely studied due to their influence on food quality, which have antioxidant properties for the lipid food preservation. Actually, they are triacylglycerols that have been modified with phenolic acids to change their positional distribution in glycerol backbone by enzymatically catalyzed reactions. Due to lipases’ fatty acid selectivity and regiospecificity, lipase-catalyzed reactions have been promoted for offering the advantage of greater control over the positional distribution of fatty acids in glycerol backbone. Moreover, microreactors were applied in a wide range of enzymatic applications. Nowadays, phenolic structured lipids have attracted attention for their applications in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, which definitely provide attributes that consumers will find valuable. Therefore, it is important that further research be conducted that will allow for better understanding and more control over the various esterification/ transesterification processes and reduction in costs associated with large-scale production of the bioconversion of glycerol. The investigated approach is a promising and environmentally safe route for value-added products from glycerol.","PeriodicalId":349621,"journal":{"name":"Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122171654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Glycerol as a Superior Electron Source in Sacrificial H2 Production over TiO2 Photocatalyst 甘油作为TiO2光催化剂上牺牲制氢的优越电子源

Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy Pub Date : 2019-04-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85810

M. Yasuda, Tomoko Matsumoto, Toshiaki Yamashita

{"title":"Glycerol as a Superior Electron Source in Sacrificial H2 Production over TiO2 Photocatalyst","authors":"M. Yasuda, Tomoko Matsumoto, Toshiaki Yamashita","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85810","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel fuel (BDF) has gained much attention as a new sustainable energy alternative to petroleum-based fuels. BDF is produced by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fats with methanol along with the co-production of glycerol. Indeed, transesterification of vegetable oil (136.5 g) with methanol (23.8 g) was performed under heating at 61°C for 2 h in the presence of NaOH (0.485 g) to produce methyl alkanoate (BDF) and glycerol in 83.7 and 73.3% yields, respectively. Although BDF was easily isolated by phase separation from the reaction mixture, glycerol and unreacted methanol remained as waste. In order to construct a clean BDF synthesis, the aqueous solution of glycerol and methanol was subjected to sacrificial H 2 production over a Pt-loaded TiO 2 catalyst under UV irradiation by high-pressure mercury lamp. H 2 was produced in high yield. The combustion energy ( Δ H ) of the evolved H 2 reached 100.7% of the total Δ H of glycerol and methanol. Thus, sacrificial agents such as glycerol and methanol with all of the carbon attached to oxygen atoms can continue to serve as an electron source until their sacrificial ability was exhausted. Sacrificial H 2 production will provide a promising approach in the utilization of by-products derived from BDF synthesis.","PeriodicalId":349621,"journal":{"name":"Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116822727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerine to Acrolein 甘油催化脱水制丙烯醛

Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy Pub Date : 2019-04-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85751

Israel Pala Rosas, J. L. C. Larios, B. Zeifert, J. S. Blásquez

{"title":"Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerine to Acrolein","authors":"Israel Pala Rosas, J. L. C. Larios, B. Zeifert, J. S. Blásquez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85751","url":null,"abstract":"The biodiesel production yields glycerine as a by-product in quantities around 10 vol% of produced biodiesel. Acrolein can be obtained from glycerine by a dehydration reaction. Catalytic processes in gas phase have been developed to obtain acrolein from a renewable feedstock using heterogeneous catalysts. The main process variables are the reaction temperature, the concentration of glycerol in water, and the space velocity in fixed-bed reactors. A thermodynamic study of the equilibrium has been made to estimate the conversion to equilibrium as a function of temperature. The reactors have been heated usually between 523 and 603 K. Generally, an aqueous glycerol solution is preheated in a preheating zone at a temperature enough to vaporize the feedstock, between 473 and 533 K, depending on the concentration of reactant required in the feed. Some of the most active catalysts in the gas-phase reaction (yield >70%) were NH 4 -La- β zeolite, Pd/LaY zeolite, hierarchical ZSM-5, WO 3 /ZrO 2 , WO 3 /TiO 2 , ZrOx-NbOx, WOx-NbOx, WO 3 SiO 2 /ZrO 2 , NbOx-WOx/Al 2 O 3 , H 3 PO 4 -MCM-41, SAPO-40, NbPSi, Pd-H 3 PW 12 O 40 / Zr-MCM-41, H 3 PW 12 O 40 /Cs-SBA-15, H 3 PW 12 O 40 /Nb 2 O 5 , Cs-doped H 4 SiW 12 O 40 / Al 2 O 3 , H 4 SiW 12 O 40 /TiO 2 , and H 4 SiW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 .","PeriodicalId":349621,"journal":{"name":"Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129582907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Glycerol Transformation to Value-Added 1,3-Propanediol Production: A Paradigm for a Sustainable Biorefinery Process 甘油转化为增值1,3-丙二醇生产:可持续生物精炼工艺的范例

Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy Pub Date : 2019-03-23 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83694

Shanthi Priya Samudrala

{"title":"Glycerol Transformation to Value-Added 1,3-Propanediol Production: A Paradigm for a Sustainable Biorefinery Process","authors":"Shanthi Priya Samudrala","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83694","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of diminishing fossil fuel resources, rising environmental issues as well as the global demand for energy, fuels and chemicals has significantly directed to the use of renewable biomass for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Glycerol, a three carbon feedstock, is one of the most promising biomass resources which at present is obtained as a by-product in large quantities during the biodiesel production. This stimulated a lot of interest in developing new valorization tech-nologies to produce high-value tonnage chemicals from glycerol by sustainable processes such as oxidation, dehydration, hydrogenolysis, steam reforming, car-boxylation, acetalization, esterification and chlorination. In this chapter, we intend to focus on the hydrogenolysis of glycerol which produces important commodity chemicals such as propanediols, propanols and ethylene glycol. In particular, the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol performed in both liquid phase and vapor phase reaction processes is described. Furthermore, the most significant progress in the development of the catalytic materials for glycerol hydrogenolysis including the reaction pathways is herein summarized.","PeriodicalId":349621,"journal":{"name":"Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114269737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9