Current Topics in Pharmacology最新文献

A prospective randomized comparative study of safety and efficacy of vilazodone and fluoxetine in depression 维拉唑酮与氟西汀治疗抑郁症安全性和疗效的前瞻性随机对照研究

Current Topics in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31300/ctp.25.2021.97-105

Usharani H. Patted, Hema N. G., A. Nagaraj

{"title":"A prospective randomized comparative study of safety and efficacy of vilazodone and fluoxetine in depression","authors":"Usharani H. Patted, Hema N. G., A. Nagaraj","doi":"10.31300/ctp.25.2021.97-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31300/ctp.25.2021.97-105","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is one of the leading causes of disease burden globally. Over the past 6 decades we have seen a multitude of antidepressants from different classes. Vilazodone is a novel antidepressant with the combination of serotonin reuptake inhibition and 5HT1A partial agonism. We wished to study its efficacy and safety in comparison to fluoxetine, in the Indian population. This is a 6-week prospective randomized open label comparative study of efficacy and safety of vilazodone and fluoxetine in patients with major depressive disorder. We recruited 72 subjects and 66 completed the study. We rated the overall severity and improvement in psychopathology by using CGI-S and CGI-I, respectively on three occasions, i.e. day 1, week 3 and week 6. We also recorded and compared the side effects of study medication with the checklist from the vilazodone prescribing information, during week 3 and 6. We compared the efficacy data using independent t test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and side effects using Pearson Chi-Square test. The socio-demographic data was evenly distributed except for literacy, which was significantly better in the vilazodone group. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of fluoxetine and vilazodone both at week 3 and week 6. However patients on vilazodone reported significantly higher gastrointestinal side effects. The efficacy of vilazodone is comparable to fluoxetine in the Indian population in the short-term treatment of depression, though associated with frequent gastrointestinal side effects. We need further blinded studies on long term efficacy and safety, with a larger sample size to generalize the results.","PeriodicalId":34906,"journal":{"name":"Current Topics in Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44302311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peripheral antinociceptive effect of exogenous acetylcholine seems to be mediated by M1 and nicotinic receptors 外源性乙酰胆碱的外周镇痛作用似乎是由M1和烟碱受体介导的

Current Topics in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31300/ctp.25.2021.77-84

P. G. Motta, A. C. R. Gonzaga, A. Perez, L. Guzzo, T. R. Romero, I. Duarte

{"title":"Peripheral antinociceptive effect of exogenous acetylcholine seems to be mediated by M1 and nicotinic receptors","authors":"P. G. Motta, A. C. R. Gonzaga, A. Perez, L. Guzzo, T. R. Romero, I. Duarte","doi":"10.31300/ctp.25.2021.77-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31300/ctp.25.2021.77-84","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to identify the cholinergic receptor subtype that mediates the peripheral antinociceptive effect of acetylcholine. To induce hyperalgesia, rat paws were treated with intraplantar prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 , 2 μ g). The nociceptive thresholds to pressure (grams) were measured by paw flexion reaction using an algesimeter apparatus 3 h following injection. Intraplantar administration of acetylcholine (ACh; 50, 100, 200 and 400 μ g) caused dose-dependent antinociception in PGE 2 induced hyperalgesia. The subtype-selective muscarinic receptor antagonists for M 1 (telenzepine; 3, 6 and 12 μ g), M 2 (dimethindene; 40 and 80 μ g), M 3 (4-DAMP, 40 and 80 μ g), and M 4 (tropicamide; 40 and 80 μ g) as well as the nicotinic antagonist (mecamylamine; 25, 50 and 100 μ g) were all co-administered with acetylcholine (200 μ g). Only telenzepine and mecamylamine antagonized the antinociceptive effect of ACh. These data suggest the presence of M 1 and nicotinic cholinergic receptors at the peripheral level and that exogenous acetylcholine induces receptor activation with consequent antinociception.","PeriodicalId":34906,"journal":{"name":"Current Topics in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45296212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Cleistocalyx operculatus and Morus alba extracts on DSS-induced acute colitis in mice 闭锁果和桑提取物对dss致小鼠急性结肠炎的影响

Current Topics in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31300/ctp.25.2021.35-41

Nguyen Thi Thuy, Bùi Thị Thương, Bui Tra My, Duong Thi Hai Linh, Phan Hong Minh, B. Tùng

{"title":"Effect of Cleistocalyx operculatus and Morus alba extracts on DSS-induced acute colitis in mice","authors":"Nguyen Thi Thuy, Bùi Thị Thương, Bui Tra My, Duong Thi Hai Linh, Phan Hong Minh, B. Tùng","doi":"10.31300/ctp.25.2021.35-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31300/ctp.25.2021.35-41","url":null,"abstract":"The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disorder and complex. Previous studies have shown that Cleistocalyx operculatus Roxb. Merr. et Perry and Morus alba L. have anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to evaluate the effects of combined Cleistocalyx operculatus Roxb. Merr. et Perry and Morus alba L. ( CM ) extracts on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in mice. The combined Cleistocalyx operculatus Roxb. Merr. et Perry and Morus alba L. leaves were extracted with 50% ethanol and then suspended in water and partitioned successively with ether and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract was combined and evaporated to obtain CM extract. Mice were induced colitis, by using DSS for seven days. Mice were treated with combined CM extracts at doses of 150 mg/kg/b.w. and 300 mg/kg/b.w. Throughout the experiment, the disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated. Following the last day of treatment, blood samples were collected for analysis of IL-1 β , INF- γ and TNF- α by using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The CM extract significantly decreased the disease activity index and myeloperoxidase activity in the CM extract-treated mice as compared with DSS group mice. The combined CM extracts also suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory IL-1 β , INF- γ and TNF- α in colon tissues of the CM extract-treated mice as compared with DSS group (p < 0.05). Our results showed that the combined CM extract has strong beneficial effects on colitis and could be used for the treatment of IBD.","PeriodicalId":34906,"journal":{"name":"Current Topics in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48401722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A study on the association of lipid profiles with HbA1C levels and drug prescription in type 2 diabetes mellitus 2型糖尿病患者血脂与HbA1C水平及药物处方的相关性研究

Current Topics in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.31300/ctp.23.2019.45-50

M. Rakshna, D. Sheela, Porchelvan Swaminathan

{"title":"A study on the association of lipid profiles with HbA1C levels and drug prescription in type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"M. Rakshna, D. Sheela, Porchelvan Swaminathan","doi":"10.31300/ctp.23.2019.45-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31300/ctp.23.2019.45-50","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus has become a pandemic and a predominant health problem due to its rapid and increased prevalence in developed and developing countries. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia. The increase in glucose level is due to inappropriate secretion or action of insulin. Diabetes has produced a significant impact on morbidity and mortality rate. The various complications produced due to chronic diabetes include retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. The major health problem includes occurrence of macrovascular complications like coronary artery diseases. Long-standing poor glycemic control results in hyperlipidemia, hypertension and obesity. This prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was undertaken as a short time project for a period of 3 months (December 2018-February 2019 by a second year MBBS student. The study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Medicine by the Department of Pharmacology. The study was initiated after obtaining approval from the human ethics committee and from the patients by voluntary consent. Around 150 patients who were confirmed with type 2 diabetes were selected to be part of the study. The patients were grouped according to their HbA1c levels (7-8%, 8-10% and above 10%) and each group had 50 patients. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose were measured in these patients. The present study confirmed elevation in lipid parameters with rise of HbA1c levels. Thus, the study clearly identified the need for early diagnosis of lipid levels in type 2 diabetes in order to prescribe suitable drugs by which further cardiovascular complications can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":34906,"journal":{"name":"Current Topics in Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69281242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cyclosomatostatin-induced catalepsy in the aged rat: a response to levodopa, diphenhydramine and nicotine 老龄大鼠环生长抑素诱导的猝倒:对左旋多巴、苯海拉明和尼古丁的反应

Current Topics in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.18411/9.10.453.ma-ir.2018.ctp.04

I. Ionov, Nicholas P. Gorev, Irina I. Pushinskaya

引用次数: 3

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of ACE-2/ANG1-7/Mas axis on lung injury. ACE-2/ANG1-7/Mas轴对肺损伤抑制作用的分子和细胞机制

Current Topics in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Indiwari Gopallawa, Bruce D Uhal

{"title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of ACE-2/ANG1-7/Mas axis on lung injury.","authors":"Indiwari Gopallawa, Bruce D Uhal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"An established body of recent literature has demonstrated potent inhibitory effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2)/ANG1-7/ Mas axis on acute lung injury and lung fibrogenesis. One of the mechanisms of this inhibition is the enzymatic action of ACE-2 to degrade its main substrate angiotensin (ANG) II, thereby reducing the injurious and profibrotic activities of this octapeptide. Another, potentially more important mechanism is the production by ACE-2 of the heptapeptide ANG1-7, which inhibits the actions of ANGII through its own receptor Mas, the product of the oncogene of the same name. Very recent efforts to define the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ANG1-7/Mas action have revealed a number of similar, but mechanistically distinct, pathways by which ANG1-7 and Mas act on various lung cell types to inhibit lung injury and fibrosis. In this review we summarize the beneficial actions of the ANG1-7/Mas pathway, specifically on lung cells in non-neoplastic lung injury. We also review the currently known downstream signaling mechanisms of the ANG1-7/Mas pathway in various lung cell types known to be key in acute injury and fibrogenesis.","PeriodicalId":34906,"journal":{"name":"Current Topics in Pharmacology","volume":"18 1","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4487538/pdf/nihms702408.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33982239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of nitric oxide in developmental biology in plants, bacteria, and man. 一氧化氮在植物、细菌和人类发育生物学中的作用。

Current Topics in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Alexander V Allain, Van T Hoang, George F Lasker, Edward A Pankey, Subramanyam N Murthy, Philip J Kadowitz

{"title":"Role of nitric oxide in developmental biology in plants, bacteria, and man.","authors":"Alexander V Allain, Van T Hoang, George F Lasker, Edward A Pankey, Subramanyam N Murthy, Philip J Kadowitz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Since its discovery, nitric oxide (NO) has been observed to play an important role in the physiology of single-celled organisms as well as high-order vertebrates. In this review, we will discuss the involvement of NO in bacterial, plant and human systems. NO originates from a variety of sources, namely bacterial, plant, and mammalian nitric oxide synthases which oxidize L-arginine. Bacterial NO is involved in toxin synthesis, signaling and biofilm formation. Organisms use NO to mediate oxidative stress incurred during the innate immune response. In plants, large amounts of NO hinder plant growth, while lower concentrations regulate normal development. NO and the associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are effective antibacterial, anti-parasitic, and antifungal agents. Though NO has therapeutic effects in the immune system, the NO response is biphasic and concentration-dependent. NO promotes tumorigenesis within a concentration range, and induces apoptosis of cancerous cells at other concentrations. The biphasic response to NO is also evident in the regulation of chemokine, interleukins, and NF-κB, which can promote or inhibit inflammation. The physiologic response to NO is concentration dependent. NO, by way of non-adrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerve transmission, propagates a cascade of molecular signaling that facilitates smooth muscle cell relaxation and increased arterial inflow into the corpora, initiating an erectile response. Additional NO is released through NOS activity in the endothelium in response to cholinergic nerve activity and shear stress, which helps to maintain erection.","PeriodicalId":34906,"journal":{"name":"Current Topics in Pharmacology","volume":"15 2","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930063/pdf/nihms-513636.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32147924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0