The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance最新文献

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Governance via Explainability 通过可解释性进行治理

The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.11

D. Danks

{"title":"Governance via Explainability","authors":"D. Danks","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.11","url":null,"abstract":"AI governance often requires knowing why the system behaved as it did, and explanations are a common way to convey this kind of why-information. Explainable AI (XAI) thus seems to be particularly well-suited to governance; one might even think that explainability is a prerequisite for AI governance. This chapter explores this intuitively plausible route of AI governance via explainability. The core challenge is that governance, explanations, and XAI are all significantly more complex than this intuitive connection suggests, creating the risk that the explanations provided by XAI are not the kind required for governance. This chapter thus first provides a high-level overview of three types of XAI that differ based on who generates the explanation (AI vs. human) and the grounding of the explanation (facts about system vs. plausibility of the story). These different types of XAI each presuppose a substantive theory of explanations, so the chapter then provides an overview of both philosophical and psychological theories of explanation. Finally, these pieces are brought together to provide a concrete framework for using XAI to create, support, or enable many of the key functions of AI governance. XAI systems are not necessarily more governable than non-XAI systems, nor is explainability a solution for all challenges of AI governance. However, explainability does provide a valuable tool in the design and implementation of AI governance mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":348006,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121876384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

AI and International Politics 人工智能与国际政治

The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.49

Amelia C. Arsenault, S. Kreps

{"title":"AI and International Politics","authors":"Amelia C. Arsenault, S. Kreps","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.49","url":null,"abstract":"In light of contemporary technological advancements in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, coupled with significant investment in AI research and development by a range of state actors, scholars have begun considering the impact that this technology will have on international and domestic politics. While scholars express divergent views regarding the consequences of AI proliferation, this technology is likely to have a broad range of applications for international politics, from military and defense to trade and diplomacy. Recognizing the increasingly prominent role of AI in global politics, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and risks that the proliferation of AI technology holds for international politics by examining the factors motivating the global pursuit of this technology and evaluating its effects on authoritarianism and liberal democracy, the global balance of power, and warfare. This chapter argues that AI is best understood as an accelerating and enabling force that is less likely to produce drastic, unforeseen transformations in domestic and international politics as it is to accelerate and exacerbate trends that were already underway. As an increasingly critical tool of contemporary governance, AI is going to play a central role in future relations between international actors; it is therefore incumbent upon scholars, states, and the global community more broadly to begin preparing for international politics in the era of AI.","PeriodicalId":348006,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114900949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1