Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)最新文献

MOTIVES FOR TAKING PART IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITES BASED ON GENDER 基于性别的参加体育活动的动机

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17641

Vincent A. Parnabas, Nagoor Meera bin Abdullah, Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie, M. R. Abdul Rahim

{"title":"MOTIVES FOR TAKING PART IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITES BASED ON GENDER","authors":"Vincent A. Parnabas, Nagoor Meera bin Abdullah, Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie, M. R. Abdul Rahim","doi":"10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17641","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000There are many reasons why individuals participate in sports or physical activities. There are two main types of motives for engaging in physical activities, which is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Previous research found that the six important motives, given by student-athletes for sport participation, were achievement, body shape, physical fitness, teamwork, learning new skills and challenges. However, research comparing the difference on motives for taking part in physical activities, especially on gender is limited. The aim of this study is to find the motives of taking part in physical activities among male and female student-athletes. A hundred student-athletes Purpose of Sport Questionnaire. Seven factors were derived from the questionnaire, Mastery or Cooperation, Physically Active lifestyle, Good Citizen, Competitiveness, High Status Career, Enhance Self-Esteem and Social Status or Getting Ahead. The sample was chosen from a Malaysian university. The result showed that there isn’t any significance differences on the motives of taking part in physical activity between genders. Since the result showed that the main motive for both gender were physically active lifestyle, it is better to plan the facilities of sport to fulfill this motive. In addition, identifying the range of motives given by the result of this study, will help sports psychologists to provide adequate and variety of sports programmers to maintain interest among participants. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":344844,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)","volume":"6 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120990504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENJOYMENT FACTOR AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AMONG TERTIARY EDUCATION STUDENTS 大专学生体育活动水平与享受因素的关系

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17625

Muhamad Noor Mohamed, Nur Qistina Abrizah Mohd Sani, M. W. A. Rahman, Muhamad Safiq Saiful Annur, Mardiana Mazaulan, Mohd Aizzat Razak, Noor Azila Azreen Md Radzi

{"title":"ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENJOYMENT FACTOR AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AMONG TERTIARY EDUCATION STUDENTS","authors":"Muhamad Noor Mohamed, Nur Qistina Abrizah Mohd Sani, M. W. A. Rahman, Muhamad Safiq Saiful Annur, Mardiana Mazaulan, Mohd Aizzat Razak, Noor Azila Azreen Md Radzi","doi":"10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17625","url":null,"abstract":"Enjoyment plays an important key role in the involvement of physical activity. The purpose of the present was to determine the relationship between enjoyment factors and physical activity level among students in UiTM Alor Gajah. 437 respondents (N=437) were voluntarily involved. Physical Activity Enjoyment Scales (PACES) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) used to quantify enjoyment and physical activity level. Descriptive analysis (Mean ± Standard Deviation) used to describe the demographic value. However, for inferential statistics, Chi-Square Test for Independence was used. There was a significant association [𝑥2(58, n=437) = 103.52, p = .001, Cramer’s V = 0.344] between enjoyment factor and physical activity level among students in UiTM Alor Gajah. People who have higher enjoyment in physical activity were likely to have a higher physical activity level compared to people who have lower enjoyment. The present study provides valuable and reliable knowledge for adolescents and young people as guidance for preparation programmed to encourage physical activity is necessary to help young people change unhealthful lifestyle patterns and increase physical activity to improve their health.","PeriodicalId":344844,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117279273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS CONSUMPTION AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON BONE METABOLISM MARKERS IN PHYSICALLY INACTIVE YOUNG MALES 益生菌摄入和抗阻运动对缺乏运动的年轻男性骨代谢指标的影响

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17643

Nur Syazwani Ibrahim, A. Muhamad, C. K. Chen, F. Ooi

{"title":"EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS CONSUMPTION AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON BONE METABOLISM MARKERS IN PHYSICALLY INACTIVE YOUNG MALES","authors":"Nur Syazwani Ibrahim, A. Muhamad, C. K. Chen, F. Ooi","doi":"10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17643","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the effects of probiotics supplementation and resistance exercise on bone metabolism markers and parathyroid hormones in physically inactive young men. Fourty-one healthy participants completed the study. They were randomized into sedentary placebo control (C: n=10), probiotics (P: n=10), resistance exercise with placebo (E: n=12), and probiotics consumption with resistance exercise (PE: n=9) groups. Participants in the P and PE consumed multi-strain probiotics containing 3x1010 CFU of L. acidophilus BCMC® 12130, L. casei BCMC® 12313, L. lactis BCMC® 12451, B. bifidum BCMC® 02290, B. infantis BCMC® 02129 and B. longum BCMC® 02120 twice daily for 12 weeks. Participants in the E and PbE performed circuit training comprised of 10 resistance exercises 3 times/week. Body height and weight, blood pressure, resting heart rate and blood samples were collected at pre and post-tests. Blood samples were analysed for the concentration of bone formation markers [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC)], bone resorption marker [cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (1CTP)] and parathyroid hormones (PTH). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in all measured parameters between groups and within each group (p>0.05). Nevertheless, ALP and OC concentration exhibited increasing trends in PE group. There was a decreasing trend in PTH concentration in P and PE groups. As a conclusion, probiotics consumption with resistance exercise resulted in increased trends of bone formation markers and a small reduction in the bone resorption marker implying that this combination may elicit beneficial effects in improving bone formation in young physically inactive males.","PeriodicalId":344844,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130325273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH, MUSCLE ENDURANCE, BALANCE AND DRAW FORCE LENGTH ON ARCHERY PERFORMANCE 手臂肌肉力量、肌肉耐力、平衡力和拉丝力长度对射箭成绩的影响

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17642

Maisarah Mohd Saleh, A. Linoby, Fatin Aqilah Abdul Razak, Nurul Ain Abu Kasim, Nur Atikah Mohamed Kassim

{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH, MUSCLE ENDURANCE, BALANCE AND DRAW FORCE LENGTH ON ARCHERY PERFORMANCE","authors":"Maisarah Mohd Saleh, A. Linoby, Fatin Aqilah Abdul Razak, Nurul Ain Abu Kasim, Nur Atikah Mohamed Kassim","doi":"10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17642","url":null,"abstract":"Archery is a type of sport which participants release the arrow after aiming the target. The shot of an arrow must be accurate to the highest score on the target face. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the most the most contributing variable in archery performance. Methodology: A total of 31 females and males, aged between 13 – 18 years old from Pusat Latihan Negeri Unit Sukan Prestasi Tinggi, Majlis Sukan Negeri, Negeri Sembilan participated in this study. They were involved in different level of achievement in archery competition, ranging from beginner until expert archers. They were also free from any injuries. The participants engaged in three test, which were arm muscle strength test, push-up test, stork balance stand test. Result: The Pearson correlation analysis showed there was significant relationship among variable measured. In addition, regression analysis showed the arm muscle strength and muscle endurance were the most contributed variable in archery performance. Findings and discussion: These elements can be indicators of an archer’s skill level and can be applied as important parameter to select potential archers and also assessment of archer’s performance. The time taken to develop the archer to become an expert archer can be shortening due to focusing on important variables.","PeriodicalId":344844,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134290667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

DEVELOPMENT OF ADVENTURE-BASED MENTAL TOUGHNESS INVENTORY (ABMTI): NEED SURVEY ANALYSIS AMONG MALAYSIAN ACTIVE OUTDOOR PRACTITIONERS. 基于冒险的心理韧性量表(abmti)的开发:马来西亚活跃户外从业者的需求调查分析。

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17612

Mohd Shariman Shafie, Hisyam Che Mat, Md Amin Md Taff, Nik Jazwiri Johanis, Omar Firdaus Mohd Said, M. Hashim, Mohd Noorazlan Ab Aziz, M. W. A. Rahman

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF ADVENTURE-BASED MENTAL TOUGHNESS INVENTORY (ABMTI): NEED SURVEY ANALYSIS AMONG MALAYSIAN ACTIVE OUTDOOR PRACTITIONERS.","authors":"Mohd Shariman Shafie, Hisyam Che Mat, Md Amin Md Taff, Nik Jazwiri Johanis, Omar Firdaus Mohd Said, M. Hashim, Mohd Noorazlan Ab Aziz, M. W. A. Rahman","doi":"10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17612","url":null,"abstract":"A new landscape of adventure-based program demonstrated it linked to positive psychological aspects outcomes, including mental toughness. These benefits go beyond traditional character-building concepts of adventure-based programs. In Malaysia, there are numerous adventure-based programs conducted by many levels of organizations with aims to improve participants’ mental toughness. Unfortunately, there are very limited studies conducted on how to design a specific instrument of the adventure-based mental toughness program. The conceptual issues identified as main interest in this regard is identify the need to develop adventure-based mental toughness inventory among Malaysian outdoor practitioners. The study based on the Develop and Design Research (DDR; Saedah, Muhammad & Rozaini, 2020). IBM Statistic (SPSS) utilized as the main statistical analysis software. A total of 85 respondents (N=85) among active outdoor practitioners have purposively been selected. Based on the analyses, overall, 93% of agrees was achieved for all statements in the survey (with IQR= .0 -1.99). These findings provided a platform from which to foster coherent and systematic scholarly work on adventure-based program and mental toughness development.","PeriodicalId":344844,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123999865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

STRATEGIC SPORTS PLANNING IN MALAYSIA AND QATAR 马来西亚和卡塔尔的体育战略规划

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17639

Siti Nazariah Abdul Razak, Tajul Arifin Bin Muhamad

引用次数: 1

THE MOTIVES MALAYSIANS VOLUNTEERS ASSIGN FOR SERVING AS VOLUNTEERING FOR SUKMA GAMES 马来西亚志愿者为sukma运动会提供志愿服务的动机

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17638

Rozita Abdul Latif, Nor Fadzilina Nawi, A. Zid, Noridah Abu Bakar, Mohammad Adzly Rajli

{"title":"THE MOTIVES MALAYSIANS VOLUNTEERS ASSIGN FOR SERVING AS VOLUNTEERING FOR SUKMA GAMES","authors":"Rozita Abdul Latif, Nor Fadzilina Nawi, A. Zid, Noridah Abu Bakar, Mohammad Adzly Rajli","doi":"10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17638","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Volunteering activities are positive experiences that attract volunteers to spend their free time to benefit society while increasing the volunteers’ job satisfaction and self-esteem (Chang et al., 2012). However, research on the motives of sport volunteers and the impact of volunteerism on the self-esteem of sport volunteers in Malaysia is scarce, and the present study was aimed at contributing to the filling of this knowledge gap. The purpose of this study is to determine the motives Malaysian volunteers assign for serving as volunteering for SUKMA Games. A total of 376 Malaysian volunteers for the SUKMA Games in Perak in 2018 participated in the study. A Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were administered to 376 Malaysian SUKMA Games volunteers. Data were collected, collated, analysed and interpreted to ascertain the main findings of the SUKMA Games volunteers’ motives and their influence on their self-esteem levels. This study showed that Malaysian volunteers had several motives for volunteering with the highest motive identified as understanding. There was also a significant positive relationship between motive for volunteering and self-esteem level among SUKMA Games volunteers. Overall, all Malaysians volunteered because they had a high motive for volunteering. Volunteering also improved the self-esteem levels of Malaysian sport volunteers.","PeriodicalId":344844,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128618637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PATH ANALYTIC APPROACH TOWARDS DEMYSTIFYING THE KEY TRIGGERS BEHIND LIKING DIFFERENT CRICKET FORMATS – A KOLKATA BASED STUDY 路径分析方法对神秘的关键触发背后喜欢不同的板球格式-加尔各答为基础的研究

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17644

Subhasis Ray, Soma Roychowdhury

{"title":"PATH ANALYTIC APPROACH TOWARDS DEMYSTIFYING THE KEY TRIGGERS BEHIND LIKING DIFFERENT CRICKET FORMATS – A KOLKATA BASED STUDY","authors":"Subhasis Ray, Soma Roychowdhury","doi":"10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17644","url":null,"abstract":"Cricket has multiple international formats. This study aims to find out if gender and age have any influences on liking any formats. It delves deep into the outcome quality of a cricket match to build a construct for understanding fans’ psyche behind fondness for any formats. The same construct is used to model overall liking for each format. The study uses Chi-square test for independence to investigate the influence of gender and age group on overall liking of a format. It uses Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to establish the dimensional construct and applies Structural Equation Model (SEM) to model overall liking based on the construct. The study finds no link between gender and liking of a format even though age group appears to influence. It establishes the construct REST comprising of Result, Excitement, Skill, Time and Money to measure overall liking for a format. Result and Skill are found to be insignificant for predicting the liking of Tests and T20 respectively whereas ODI appears to be more balanced. The findings give a clear indication to the regulators that test matches need to be made more unpredictable and result-oriented and T20 matches less restricted and more skilful. The regulators need to strategize making the younger generation interested in test and the older generation in T20. REST can be treated as a pioneering construct that can explain fan’s expectation from a game of cricket leading to liking a format.","PeriodicalId":344844,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129008208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPORTING ATTITUDE AMONG EXCELLENT STUDENTS 影响优等生体育态度的因素

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17623

Siti Nazariah Abdul Razak, Tajul Arifin Bin Muhamad, Wan Rezawana Wan Daud

{"title":"FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPORTING ATTITUDE AMONG EXCELLENT STUDENTS","authors":"Siti Nazariah Abdul Razak, Tajul Arifin Bin Muhamad, Wan Rezawana Wan Daud","doi":"10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17623","url":null,"abstract":"Physical sporting activities is beneficial for your health. It has to be continuously and constantly performed route in creating positive and healthy lifestyle as it involves self-discipline. It needs a special interest and a positive mindset to attract students to take up sporting activities. The objective of this study is to assess the students’ interest in sports based on several factors among the excellent students. The samples for this study are a group of students (N = 420) comprises of male (n = 210) and female (n = 210) with the age of 16 years old, selected based on simple random sampling. Questionnaire forms were used as a method for data collection. Descriptive and inferential analysis was used to look at the factors influencing students’ sporting attitudes based on demographic data. The result shows that there are four factors highly influencing sporting attitudes. However, only the aspect of value that has significance different from gender p <0.05, where male students are higher than female. Nevertheless, the most significant factor is gender, p<0.05, where male students found to be higher than female. This value aspect is a preliminary consideration of the advantages or disadvantages of sports. Sporting assessment also depends on the effectiveness of teaching by educators who shape the behavior of students to pick up sports. Hsiao (2009) emphasizes the attitude of teachers or lecturers who care about students, know what is being taught, easy to discuss and make teachers and lecturers happy to be with them.","PeriodicalId":344844,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133069530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EUROPEAN FOOTBALL AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – ITS IMPACT ON COMPETITIONS, CLUBS AND PLAYER CONTRACTS 欧洲足球和COVID-19大流行——对比赛、俱乐部和球员合同的影响

Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR) Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17640

C. Davies, Neil Dunbar

{"title":"EUROPEAN FOOTBALL AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – ITS IMPACT ON COMPETITIONS, CLUBS AND PLAYER CONTRACTS","authors":"C. Davies, Neil Dunbar","doi":"10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v18i1.17640","url":null,"abstract":"European football, like all major sport around the world, was heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. All national leagues in Europe had to suspend their 2019-20 seasons, though most were eventually able to complete them by extending the seasons beyond their usual finishing dates. However, these resumed fixtures had to be played in empty stadiums, as were most matches in the 2020-21 seasons. This article considers how these problems were dealt with by investigating the three key areas of competitions, the clubs and player contracts. UEFA, and the governing bodies of the various national leagues, demonstrated flexibility and adaptability in running the competitions which was crucial to their successful completion. The clubs suffered from loss of revenue due to reduced broadcasting rights and gate receipts but did obtain some financial assistance from a variety of sources. Player contracts had to be dealt with on a more individual basis depending on the law applicable to them and the negotiations between the individual clubs and their players, although there were national agreements in some countries. In the circumstances, European football appears to have survived the COVID-19 pandemic reasonably well, although the recent advent of the Omnicron variant indicates that the problems may not be over yet.","PeriodicalId":344844,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation (MJSSR)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128891930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0