Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva最新文献

{"title":"Contents of the microflora of the intestine, retention and productivity of broiler chickens in accordance with different types and quantities of the acidifier","authors":"L. Dyachenko, E. Syvachenko, T. Syvyk","doi":"10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-14-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-14-23","url":null,"abstract":"In two scientific-field experiments with broiler chicken cross-breeding ”Kobb-500\", the goal was set to learn the influence of different dosages, forms and types of feeding the acidifier FRA LBB DRY onto the contents of the microflora of intestine, retention and productivity of broiler chickens.\u0000The first experiment was done using three groups-analogs of broiler chickens, 46 birds per group. The broiler chickens of the first group were the control group. This group was fed a regular mixed feed. The second and third groups were fed the same mixed feed with an addition of the acidifier of FRA LBB DRY feed added; 3kg per ton of feed for the 2-nd, and 5 kg per ton for the third group.\u0000The second experiment was done using 6 similar groups-analogs of broiler chickens, 100 birds per group, with an equal ratio of male to female chicken. Throw-out the experiment all six groups were fed the same amount of fully nutritional mixed feed, in accordance with their age growth groups. As far as drinking went, the groups were hydrated differently. Birds of the first group were getting plain water, broiler chickens of the 2, 3, 4, and 5 groups were getting a mix of FRA LBB DRY acidifier in the quantities of 1,0; 1,33; 1,66 and 2,0 ml/L accordingly. The last group, group 6, was getting a dose of liquid Norfolk antibiotic in the quantity of 1 ml/L.\u0000As the bacteriological experiments have shown, after 7 days of feeding different doses of dry acidifier, the stool sample of the second and third groups of broiler chickens, when compared to the first group, had shown to contain less undesirable microflora in particular Escherichia coli – by 26,7 and 29,0 %, enterococcus by 21,4 and 24,7 % with a high probability of difference (P<0,01). At the same time the test samples contained higher concentration of useful microflora such as Bifidobacterium and lacto bacteria. The difference, when compared to the- test sample, was 18,3–24,1 % (P<0,01) and 16,5-17,8 % (P<0,05).\u0000In the second experiment adding acidifier FRA LBB DRY to water for the 2, 3, 4, and 5-th groups by 1,0; 1,33; 1,66 and 2 ml/l of water had caused a decrease of escherichia coli by 12,7 % (P<0,05), 17,4 % (P<0,01), 18,8 % (P<0,01) and 16,0 % (P<0,05), enterococcus by 14,9; 20,9; 17,8; and 16,9 % with a high degree of probability (P<0,01), at the same time increasing the amount of bifidobacteria by 19,1; 20,6; 17,9 and 21,3 %, (P<0,01) and lactobacteria by 14,4; 16,5; 15,8; 12,4 % (P<0,01).\u0000The changes that had taken place in the contents of the microflora of intestine obviously had a positive effect on digestion and processing of nutrients, which, as a result, had improved the upkeep and productivity of the broiler chickens which were exposed to the acidifier. In the first experiment departure of the broiler chickens was almost three times less than that of a control group. In the second experiment the upkeep of broilers in test groups was larger than the control by 6–7 absolute percent.\u0000Adding an acidifier into t","PeriodicalId":34454,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42834466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilization of enzyme prepareition protosubtilin G3X for use it on poultry farming","authors":"O. Selezniova, S. Tsehmistrenko, V. Polishchuk, S. Polishchuk","doi":"10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-54-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-54-61","url":null,"abstract":"Enzyme preparations witchused in animal breeding are unstable. Instability is due to a partial or complete inactivation of the enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract under the influence of a strongly acidic environment, inhibitors and proteases. Increasing the effectiveness of the use of exogenous enzyme preparations is possible by the creation of stabilized forms of biopreparations. To do this, use the principles and methods of engineering enzymology. The aim of the research is to determine the optimal conditions for the immobilization of the enzyme preparation of protosubtilin G3X (proteolytic spectrum of the action) by the adsorption method. Conduct a comparative evaluation of the properties of native and immobilized biocatalysts on the conditions in vitro and in vivo.\u0000Proteolytic activity was determined by Anson's method. The amount of protein on the carrier was evaluated by reducing its concentration in the reaction mixture, measured with Lowry O.H. et al .. The activity of the immobilized enzyme was expressed as a percentage of the activity of the native enzyme. The pH solutions were measured on the potentiometer pH- 340. For immobilization weused enzyme preparation of protosubtilin G3X with an activity of 70 units / g, as a carrier we used zeolite.\u0000The immobilization procedure consisted of mixing the buffer solution of the enzyme with the carrier. During research and study of the influence of the ionic strength of the solution and pH on the adsorption process it was established that the catalytic activity of the obtained preparation falls in the buffers: phosphate, citrate, borate, acetate. Moreover, with an increase in the ionic strength of the solution, regardless of its composition, the enzyme activity of preparation was reduced. Optimal for immobilization was a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution with pH in the range of 7.0–7.4. Protosubtilin G3X lost 80 % of the initial activity during immobilization in water.\u0000When determining the capacity of a carrier, it is found that 1 g of zeolite adsorbs 29.8 mg of protein. The maximum specific activity of the enzyme (0.16 U / mg protein) is appeared at the optimum load of the carrier 22.5 mg protein per 1 g zeolite and corresponded to 85.7 % of the activity of the native protosubtilin G3X. Consequently, the optimal conditions for the immobilization of protosubtilin G3X on zeolite are: 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.0–7.4, temperature 20–25 ºС, carrier capacity 22.5 mg / g, duration of the process 2 years.\u0000In experiments in vitro studied the dependence of the catalytic activity of the pH value in the range of 1.5 to 8.0. After 1 hour of incubation in the buffer solutions, it was found that the optimal value of pH for both forms of preparations coincides (pH 7.2). With pH-inactivation of native and immobilized forms of protosubtilin G3X, the loss of catalytic activity of the modified preparation was significantly less than the native. Moreover, a significant expansion of the pH profile in th","PeriodicalId":34454,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41361327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluanion of intensity of radionuclides increases in wheat production of body for growth succession","authors":"G. Gutsol","doi":"10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-72-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-72-77","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of liming of soils of honey fields with high pH on the intensity of the transition of cesium-137 and strontium-90 to protein production of beekeeping, in particular, flower pollen and pergo, was studied. This protein product contains about 250 substances and mineral elements: proteins and non-protein nitrogenous compounds – 20-25 %, sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) – 13-35 %, starch – 1-25 %, fiber – 3 -20 %, polovin – 6-20 %, crude fat – 2-14 %, ash – 1-6 %, water – 20-30 %. Pollen contains arytenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, higher alcohols, growth and other substances. In ashes of pollen, a lot of mineral elements, % of total ash: potassium 20-45, magnesium – 1-12, calcium – 1-15, silicon – 2-10, phosphorus – 1-20, iron – 0,1, sulfur – 1, manganese – 1.4. Other elements that affect the vital activity of the organism are also revealed. Beetroot obnizhya is used in the food industry, has antimicrobial effect, stimulates the immune system of the body, is used in cardiovascular diseases of the stomach and kidneys. The high efficiency of use of bee antlers in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system, lungs, liver, kidneys, glands of the internal secretion, vascular diseases of the brain, gastrointestinal tract, rheumatoid arthritis is established. Bee ankles increase appetite and overall body condition. Due to the high content of biologically active substances, it is widely used to increase the immunity of the body during the period of illness and surgical operations. Anesthetics also affect the process of hematopoietic, and increases hemoglobin and red blood cells. Agricultural honey plants are a powerful source of nectar and pollen, which are raw materials for the production of bee products. The main representatives are winter and spring rape, sunflower, buckwheat, turbot. Winter rice was grown in areas with soil pH of 4.7 with specific activity of cesium-137 – 31.0 and strontium-90 – 2.7 Bq / kg. Liming of soil under winter rape was carried out at the rate of 9 t / ha of brushwood along the surface of the soil with subsequent flooding. Limestone acidic soils with a pH of 4.7 reduced the acidity of the aqueous medium to 6.8. Reducing the acidity of the soil from pH 4.7 to 6.8 contributed to a decrease in the specific activity of cesium-137 in beer overgrowth by 40.0 %, in a perace – by 42.9 %, and by strontium-90, respectively, by 43.3 % and 42, 89 %. Specific activity of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in protein beekeepers did not exceed DR-2006. The coefficient of accumulation of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in beer overwork, produced from winter wheat rape, decreased by 31.8 % and 35.7 %, respectively – by 29.6 % and 31.6 % respectively. The greatest radiological efficacy was achieved with respect to cesium-137 in beer overwork, its accumulation decreased by 66.7 %, strontium-90 – in a proxy by 3.4 times.\u0000Comparing the intensity of the accumulation of radionuclides in protein production of beekeeping for liming soil","PeriodicalId":34454,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49323331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effective use of Pietren breed at purebred and crossbred selection","authors":"O. Khmeliova, R. Stavetska","doi":"10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-38-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-38-45","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the problem of finding optimal variants of breeding process in a herd of pigs at purebred and crossbred selection. For this purpose, the control and two experimental groups were formed: ♀ Pietrain × ♂ Pietrain (control), ♀ (Pietrain × Large White) × ♂ Large White (first experimental group), ♀ (Pietrain × Durok) × ♂ Pitren (second experimental group). The analysis of the animals performance in these groups was carried out in 40, 30 and 35 parities, respectively. The research was conducted on the basis of PE «Maglevovany M.I.» in the Donetsk region.\u0000It has been established that the higher level of reproductive characteristics have sows of first experimental group, which have heredity of Large White breed, this breed is traditionally considered as a maternal form in cross-breeding schemes.\u0000For instance, their litter size at birth is higher than the same indicator in the control and second experimental group (plus 0,5, P<0,05, and 0,3 piglets, respectively); by the litter size at weaning at 28 days (plus 1,6, P<0,001, and 0,6 piglets); by the litter size at 2 months (plus 1,6, P<0,001, and 0,4 piglets). The highest piglet survival at the age of 2 months was in the litters, whose ancestor were boars of Pietrain breed (second experimental group) − plus 3,6 and 2,3 %, respectively, compered to purebred piglets of Pietrain breed and the first experimental group.\u0000For such complex indexes as the litter weight at weaning and litter weight at 2 months the first experimental group had an advantage of 18,1 kg (P<0,001) and 31,1 kg (P<0,001) over the control group (purebred Pietrain) and 5,4 kg and 7,6 kg − over the second experimental group. However, the average piglet weight of sows of second experimental group both at 28 days and at 2 months are equal to the average piglet weight of the same age of the first experimental group.\u0000The piglets, which are descendants of boars of meat breeds Duroc and Pietrain show a tendency to the faster growth even in an early age. The avarage live weight of pigs of the second experimental group at the age of 100 days and 7 months is higher compared to avarage live weight of pigs of the same age of the control and the first experimental groups – plus 8,5–21,7 kg (P<0,01 for the second experimental group) and 4,4–13,5 kg (P<0,001 for the second experimental group), respectively. At the age of 100 days, the maximum average daily gain was obtained in the second experimental group with an advantage of 190 g (P<0,001) compared to control group and 115 g (P<0,001) compared to the first experimental group.\u0000It is obvious that hybrids with the faster growth, which were obtained through crossbreeding ♀ (Pietrain × Duroc) × ♂ Pietrain reach a live weight of 100 kg in a shorter period: they need less time needed to reach 100 kg of live weight – 32 days less (P<0,001 ) compared to purebred animals of Pietrain breed (control group) and 18 days less (P<0,001) compared to hybrids ♀ (Pietrain × Large White) × ♂ Large Whit","PeriodicalId":34454,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44402153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of feeding with live yeast on cow productivity and milk quality","authors":"M. Panianchuk, O. Tytariova","doi":"10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-32-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-32-37","url":null,"abstract":"A cow is, first and foremost, a ruminant animal. Its gastrointestinal tract is designed to digest a significant amount of structural fibers (fiber). Modern technological advances in genetics, breeding, feeding, retention and cows’ milking make it possible to obtain more than 10,000 kg of lactation milk from a cow, but this can be achieved only if a significant amount of concentrated fodder with high starch content has been included in the diet of these animals. These fodders are a source of energy for the cow, but the microorganisms of the rumen are also actively use it, forming a large amount of acid, which lowers the pH of the rumen and suppresses (sometimes even kills) the vital activity of the micro biota of the proventriculus. An important condition for the formation of lactic acid in the rumen is the presence of oxygen.\u0000Addition to the cows’ diet of live yeast helps to reduce the amount of oxygen in the rumen, which, in turn, inhibits the development of lactic acid bacteria and the synthesis of lactic acid by them. On the other hand, anaerobic environment in the proventriculus actively develops cellulose- lytic microorganisms.\u0000Many studies around the world have been devoted to the use of live yeast in feeding of cows. Most of them have been carried out at cows during the period of thermal stress. Part of the research covers only the period of early lactation. Almost all researchers note an increase in the milk productivity of cows; however, a relatively small number of publications are devoted to the problem of milk quality changes under the actions of these microorganisms.\u0000The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the chemical composition and milk qualitative indicators of cows, which received in the diet the probiotic preparations of live yeast of different manufacturers.\u0000To study the effects of living yeast preparations in the diet on milk qualitative indicators and productivity of cows, they have conducted a scientific and economic experiment under the conditions of the educational and production center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. During the experiment, the chemical composition of milk, its density, acidity, bacterial insemination and the number of somatic cells have been investigated.\u0000For conducting of the scientific and economic experiment under the conditions of the farm, 30 cows of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed were selected, from which with the group method three groups were formed: one control group and two experimental ones. The cows of the control group did not consume probiotic preparations, animals of the 2nd experimental group were fed with LevuSell SC at a dose of 1 g/head/day, and the third experimental group – ActiSaf Sc-47 in the amount of 5 g/head/day. The experiment lasted 305 days.\u0000The quality of milk has great importance, because it is a raw material for the further processing and production of a variety of dairy products, the main consumers of which are children. The current","PeriodicalId":34454,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45911531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of nutrient digestibility of rations of pregnant ewes with the additional introduction of cobalt","authors":"V. Mykytyuk, T. Vasilenko, O. Orischuk, S. Tsap, I. Porotikova","doi":"10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-24-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-24-31","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studies on the effect of various doses of cobalt with an optimized level of sulfur in rations of Askanian meat-and-wool ewes on digestibility of nutrients of consumed feed and digestibility of the studied mineral elements are presented.\u0000It was established that the level of nutrient digestibility of rations was higher in ewes of the experimental groups, which, to the generally accepted norm, were additionally injected with cobalt chloride in the amount of 10 %, which was equal 0.825 mg, 20 % – 0.900 mg, and 30 % – 0.975 mg per head per day .\u0000As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the ewes of the second experimental group differed in the highest indices of digestibility of nutrients of the ration, which increased the rate of cobalt by 10 %.\u0000The additional introduction of 20 % and 30 % cobalt to the basic ration did not contribute to a further increase in the digestibility factors of nutrients in the body of ewes of the experimental groups.\u0000The research has shown that the uptake of cobalt by experimental ewes increased as this element increased in the rations. Thus, 0.31 mg of cobalt was assimilated by the ewes of the second experimental group, which is 0.06 mg or 20.0 % higher compared to the control group; to the third-group of ewes by 0.07 mg or 28.0 % and to the fourth-group ewes by 0,08 mg or 32.0 % compared with analogues of the control group. However, when calculating these indicators in relative terms, it was established that the highest percentage of cobalt absorbed from that received was in the ewes of the second experimental group. Their advantage relative to the control group was 4.60 % (P <0.01), and III and IV experimental groups – 2.11 and 0.19 absolute percent.","PeriodicalId":34454,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69584300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence biologically of active substances to amaranth on composition of lipids in organism of quails","authors":"N. Ponomarenko, S. Tsehmistrenko, O. Tsekhmistrenko, V. Polishchuk, S. Polishchuk","doi":"10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-46-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-46-53","url":null,"abstract":"There were investigated the level of common lipids and the ratio of their individual classes – phospholipids, monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols, free and esterified cholesterol, unesterified fatty acids in the 6–8 weeks old quails pancreas (the period of laying eggs formation) under condition of nitrates influence and feeding of mixed fodder with the addition of amaranth seeds.\u0000The body's response to nitrate loading and the feeding of amaranth seeds was evaluated according to biochemical parameters in the pancreas, one of the largest glands in the body. For laboratory experiments there were used quails by Pharaon breed. Quails were divided into three groups of 60 heads in each, fed the standard feed, access to feed and water was free. The birds of the first group served as control, the birds of the second group, in order to model the stress state, water was dispensed with sodium nitrate at a dose of 0.5 g / kg of body weight. Birds of the third group were fed a mixed fodder with seeds of amaranth at the rate of 10 % of the mass of mixed fodder on the background of nitrate loading. Decapitation was performed under etheric anesthesia and the pancreas was taken from a 6-week-old birds (the beginning of the laying eggs period). In the extract of the pancreas, the content of total lipids and their individual classes were were srudied and expressed as a percentage of the total number of lipids. For identification of lipids on a chromatographic plate, the standard preparations of individual lipids from Sigma (USA) were used.\u0000The obtained results indicate that nitrate loading leads to a decrease in the common lipids content in the quail pancreas tissues. Thus, their number in the 6-week-old age is reduced by 37.0 % (p<0.05), and in the 8-week-old period – by 22.7 % (p<0.05) compared with the control group. Lipids perform structural and energy functions, as well as determine the important role for the adaptation of the organism to stress factors. Due to the long nitrate influence and due to the unequal functionality of the antioxidant systems of the body, protective mechanisms are violated, which leads to the occurrence of pathological processes. At the same time there are certain changes in the ratio of individual classes of lipids. In particular, the content of unesterified fatty acids (UFA) in 6-week-old poultry decreases by 13.3 % (p<0.05) and 8-week –12.4 % (p<0.05) compared to control. The level of UFA in tissues and serum is related to the energy supply of the bird organism and characterizes the activity of lipolysis processes and their mobilization from fat depots. The decrease in the tissues of the number of UFA indicates their intensive use in energy processes.\u0000Feeding of mixed fodder with seeds of amaranth against the background of nitrate influence causes changes in the total content of lipids and the ratio of their individual classes in pancreatic tissue compared with control and 2nd group. Thus the poultry, which was fe","PeriodicalId":34454,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46326101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of genotypic factors on the forming of the economic use of values of ukrainian bleck and wheat milk breeds","authors":"Nataliia Ihorivna Klopenko, R. Stavetska, M. Bushtruk, I. Starostenko, O. Babenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-06-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-06-13","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of dairy cows` exterior plays a key role in the system of breeding because well-defined breed typology and high exterior evaluation cause high production efficiency. The objective of the study was to evaluate the exterior of the cows in Ukrainian Black and White dairy breed, to analyze the effectiveness of the selection of first-calf cows according to the body measurements and to study the influence of genotype factors on the formation of the exterior.\u0000For research purpose animal groups were formed on the principle of analogues, taking into account the part of Holstein inheritance, parentage, linear belonging, and age. Depending on the part of Holstein inheritance researched livestock was divided into three groups: 75,0-87,4 %, 87,5-99,9 % and 100 %.\u0000As a result of our own research it has been established that simultaneously with an increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance the body measurements increase too. It indicates about the improving effect of the Holstein breed on the formation of the exterior in the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed. The first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 100 % have advantages over the cows with the same age with part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 % with the withers height – 4 cm (P < 0,001), sacrum height – 4 cm (P <0.001), depth of chest – 1 cm, width of chest – 1 cm, width of hips – 1 cm, length of thoracic – 3 cm, chest girth – 2 cm, width of pins – 1 cm (P <0,001); the advantage over the first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % was 3 cm in withers height, 2 cm in sacrum height and 1 cm in all other cases.\u0000An increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance is accompanied by an increasing of milk yield, milk fat and milk protein. The higher milk yield had cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % – by 294 kg compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and by 2017 kg (P < 0,001) compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %. Fat content in milk of cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % was lower by 0,02 % compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and 0,21 % (P < 0,001) compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %, it was expected – the higher milk yield, the lower fat content in milk.\u0000The effectiveness of the simultaneous complex selection of dairy cattle on several grounds depends on the existence of correlation between them. The correlation between the body measurements of cows and 305-milk yield is positive, but varied in strength. The average strength of the correlation is observed between the milk yield and withers height (r = +0,233, P < 0,001), milk yield and length of thoracic (r = +0,332, P < 0,01), in other cases, the strength of the correlation is weak, but with sacrum height (P < 0,01), chest girt (P < 0,01) and depth of chest (P < 0,05) is significant.\u0000One-factor dispersion analysis was carried out to deter","PeriodicalId":34454,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46087404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation in the organism of dairy cows in the radioactive contaminated agro landscapes of the Central Forest-steppe in the remote period of the Chernobyl catastrophe","authors":"O. Rozputnyi, V. Herasymenko, I. Pertsovyi, V. Skyba, M. Saveko","doi":"10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-62-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-62-71","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the Chernobyl catastrophe, almost all the territory of Polissya and a significant part of the Forest-Steppe south of Kyiv suffered radioactive contamination. More than three decades have passed since the Chernobyl accident, but despite the time since the disaster, the problem of radioactive contamination is still very relevant. In radioactive contaminated agro landscapes, plant fodder becomes a source of 137Cs and 90Sr in the body of cows. In the organism of an animal, radionuclides of cesium mainly accumulate in muscle tissue, and strontium in bone and excreted with milk, urine and feces. Milk plays an important role in human nutrition, which necessitates constant monitoring of the radio ecological situation, estimates of the accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr, and the determination of the laws governing the transition of these radionuclides into products.\u0000The aim of the research was to evaluate the supply of 137Cs and 90Sr with feed in the body of dairy cows and the accumulation of these radionuclides in milk and barnyard manure mass in radioactive contaminated agricultural landscapes of the Central Forest Steppe. The research was carried out at LLC \"Agro-Leader Ukraine\" Ltd. and \"Nadiya\" Ltd and on the peasants’ plots of Yosypivka, Tarasivka villages of the Bila Tserkva district of the Kyiv region who suffered from the radioactive contamination because of the Chernobyl catastrophe.\u0000Samples of soils, fodder, milk and barnyard manure mass for conducting research were selected. The activity of 137Cs and 90Sr was determined at the USM \"Gamma Plus U\" with the \"Progress 2000\" software in the laboratory of the Bila Tserkva NAU, department of life safety. The activity of 137Cs was determined by the method of scintillation gamma spectrometry in a Marinelli vessel of volume 1L in native samples or after their physical concentration, and 90Sr – after radiochemical isolation by scintillation beta spectrometry.\u0000The results of the studies indicate that the content of 137Cs and 90Sr in feed is directly proportional to the level of soil contamination by these radionuclides. At the same time, the least accumulated 137Cs and 90Sr in the green mass of corn, and most of all in the green mass of alfalfa and oats mixture. The intensity of the accumulation of 90Sr in the green mass of corn is 20 times, the alfalfa – in 1,5-2 times, the use of oatmeal mixture – 4 to 6 times higher than 137Cs.\u0000It has been established that the concentration of 137Cs and 90Sr in milk of cows is directly proportional to their activity in the diet. In the daily hopes of milk from cows from the diet 7,6 ± 0,55 % of 137Cs and 1,7 ± 0,42 90Sr passed from their activity in the diet. The coefficient of transition of 137Cs in 1 liter of milk on average was 0.76 % and 0.17 % 90Sr. The activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in milk does not exceed the permissible levels. At the same time, in the milk of households, the activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in the spring-summer period was two to three times highe","PeriodicalId":34454,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnologiia virobnitstva i pererobki produktiv tvarinnitstva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46546849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}