Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 8最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal Variations of Some Physicochemical Parameters of the Brackish Water Farm, Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"O. N. Kingsley","doi":"10.9734/bpi/rrab/v8/8731d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rrab/v8/8731d","url":null,"abstract":"The Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research/African Regional Aquaculture Centre (NIOMR/ARAC) brackish water fish farm, Buguma is an example of tidal water between the farm and adjoining creek, where tidal water flows into the farm and out, enhancing constant exchange of water. Water quality parameter reflects the water composition as affected by both natural and anthropogenic activities expressed in terms of measurable quantities. Knowledge of hydrological conditions of water body helps assess its productivity as well as a better understanding of the population and life cycle of the fish community. The result obtained indicates that for 2011 pH; ammonia-nitrogen; nitrite-nitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; alkalinity; carbon (iv) oxide; salinity; dissolved oxygen and temperature ranges were between 6.5-7; 0-0.1 ppm; 0.25-0.25 ppm; 40-80 ppm; 5-10 ppm; 9-20 ppt; 3.8-6 ppm and 26-31°C respectively while for 2012 pH; ammonia-nitrogen; nitritenitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; alkalinity; carbon (iv) oxide; salinity; dissolved oxygen and temperature ranges were between 6.5-7; 0-0.1 ppm; 0.05-0.05 ppm; 0.05-0.25 ppm; 40-80 ppm; 5-10 ppm; 9-20 ppm; 3.8-5.6 ppm; 26-31oC respectively. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in all parameters for both years and the values measured were within tolerable limits for optimum aquaculture. proper management of these parameters will contribute immensely to fish production and enhance experiments seeking to adapt fish species to this region in the Niger Delta when tolerable limits has been established.","PeriodicalId":340636,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 8","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129912735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Involvement in the Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Heart","authors":"A. Kuznetsov, S. Javadov, J. Hagenbuchner, M. Ausserlechner","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V8/7823D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V8/7823D","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cell viability and cellular basic functions by energy (ATP) production. These organelles are also considered as an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several apoptosis activators. The crucial role of mitochondria has been shown in numerous aspects of cell physiology and pathophysiology, such as intracellular signaling. Mitochondria and mitochondrial function may deteriorate under pathological conditions like various diseases, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and during aging. Damaged or injured mitochondria are the main causes for cell and tissue impairments, due to various cell stresses, generation of excess of ROS  (oxidative stress), increased cellular and mitochondrial calcium levels, associated with apoptotic or/and necrotic cell death. The interplay among these mitochondrial activities under normal and pathological conditions is still unsuccessfully recognized. Mitochondria play a critical role in cardiac IR injury, where they are directly involved in various pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we discuss the role of mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion) and heterogeneity. In particular, we stress the existence in the heart and skeletal muscles functionally different mitochondrial subpopulations that may also have different sensitivities to diseases and IR injury. Thus, different cardioprotective medications that maintain stability of mitochondria, their dynamics and turnover, including several agents, specific mitochondrial antioxidants, uncouplers, and application of ischemic preconditioning might be considered as the possible, beneficial strategies to protect mitochondria and cardiac function and improve longevity.","PeriodicalId":340636,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 8","volume":"316 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131428399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Utilization and Phytochemical Analysis of Baobab Tree (Adansonia digitata L.) in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Sodimu, M. Usman, J. Appah, O. Osunsina, R. Suleiman, S. Maikano, L. G. Lapkat","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V8/2074E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V8/2074E","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional medicine covers a wide variety of therapies and practices which varies from country to country and region. Medicinal utilization and phytochemical composition of Baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State was studied. Twenty (20) questionnaires were randomly administered in each of the six (6) districts to make a total of one hundred and twenty questionnaires (120). Ninety (90) were retrieved. The result revealed that the plant parts (leaves; stem; bark and seed) can be used in treatment and prevention of various diseases such as tuberculosis; anemia; malaria; dysentery; diarrhea; joint pains; serves as anti-diabetic; fever; urinary infection e t c. Infusion is the major (43.33%) method of herbal preparation. Parts of the plants species used in preparing the herbs include: the leaves; bark; root; seeds and fruits. Majority of the herbal are consumed in a dried form. Demographic characteristic of the respondents was also examined. The percentage of Male was (43.34%) while that of their female counter part was (56.66%). Majority (43.33%) of the respondents were between 31 – 40 years’ age bracket and majority (44.44%) are married with majority (37.78%) having 1-5 house hold size. 45.56% of the respondents had secondary education while 2.22% had no formal education and majority (51.11%) are traditional healers. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins; alkaloids flavonoids; terpenoids; saponins and phenolic acid in various concentrations as there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between these phytochemicals and their plants parts. The presence of varied active ingredients in the different parts of these plants explains their diverse use in the treatment of different disease conditions. However, it is recommended that due to the increased interest in baobab products (especially on its medical utilization) and slow growth of the plant research should be directed on how to develop a new cultivar with short maturation period. Also, the local population particularly the youth should be educated and also encouraged to learn more about the tradition medicine knowledge in order to preserve it from being lost with the old genera. Although the high technological approaches of conventional medicines are especially useful for acute usage treatment, herbal medicines are more suitable for dealing with chronic ailment.","PeriodicalId":340636,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 8","volume":"51 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113981107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}