SunKrist Journal of Diabetology and Clinical Care最新文献

{"title":"Review: Obesity Induced Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/sjdcc.02.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjdcc.02.1004","url":null,"abstract":"There is a strong association between obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Abdominal obesity appears to be a major mediator of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance is a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin. leading to high blood sugar (impaired glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, particularly in skeletal muscle.) The more life-threatening problems fall into four main areas: type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), dyslipidemia and certain types of cancers and musculoskeletal disorders. There is considerable evidence that inflammation is a primary mediator of obesity induced insulin resistance and related co-morbidities, including diabetes and CVD whereby pro-inflammatory substances and other chemokines produced by adipocytes and macrophages are able to cause insulin resistance. The major inflammatory factors include pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1 & IL-6) and signaling intermediate-nuclear factor kappa B cells (NF-kB), chemokines and cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin (ADN), circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, toll-like receptors (Tlr), free fatty acids (FFA), oxidative stress and dietary fatty acids. Considering this viewpoint, in the present review, we have selected ten well designed clinical studies with salsalates, thiazolidinediones (TZD) and TNF-α–antagonists to discuss and analyze these emerging therapeutic approaches for the treatment of obesity induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These therapeutics provide sufficient evidence of improved glycemic control post treatment in obese patients by targeting the state of chronic inflammation that characterizes obesity and resulted in improved insulin sensitivity by reducing adipocyte pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, adipose tissue macrophage content and immune cell infiltration into adipose tissue and other inflammatory markers. Even with looking at only few studies, analyzing each pathway, the hypothesis that targeting pro-inflammatory pathways in adipocytes with TZD and salicylates as a novel approach remains supported for reducing chronic inflammation-induced insulin resistance in obese patients, with TZD emerging with the strongest effects.","PeriodicalId":339163,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Diabetology and Clinical Care","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129283032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Foods in the Therapeutic Management of Diabetic Gastroenteropathy.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/sjdcc.01.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjdcc.01.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic gastroenteropathy is one of the main morbidities in long-term diabetic patients, which causes several symptomatic manifestations, such as heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and even constipation, diarrhea and fecal incontinence. Its pathophysiology differs for each organ and may be caused by neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system, by loss of interstitial cells in Cajal, as well as by oxidative stress resulting from hyperglycemia. Its main therapeutic interventions include maintaining glycemic control. In such context, nutritional therapy based on functional foods might emerge as an alternative treatment for diabetic gastroenteropathy due to the presence of bioactive compounds that assist the glycemic control, improving the quality of life of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate, in the scientific literature, functional foods that have a role in glycemic homeostasis and the diabetic complications of the gastrointestinal tract. Cinnamon, oats, guava, yacon potatoes, pumpkin, flaxseed and avocado were among the functional foods studied here.","PeriodicalId":339163,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Diabetology and Clinical Care","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126963862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Human T Lymphocytes and Salutary Effects of ω- 3 Fatty Acid.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/sjdcc.01.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjdcc.01.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Type 2 Diabetes conditions are associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia; however, the role of Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA) and high glucose on human T lymphocytes (T cells) is not known. We investigated the salutary effect of the UFA ω-3 fatty acid, α- linolenic acid, on glucose and SFA, palmitic acid, induced activation on T cells as a cause of the inflammatory process with high glucose and SFA foods. These cells in the presence of palmitic acid and/or high glucose but not linolenic acid exhibited a concentration and time-dependent emergence of insulin receptors (INSR), expression, generation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, cytokines and NF-kB p65 translocation to the nucleus. Whereas, activation of the cells by elevated levels of glucose and palmitic acid were additive, addition of linolenic acid in a dose-related manner inhibited activation of cells by glucose and palmitic acid and reduced markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and cytokines. We propose that UFAs such as α-linolenic acid may serve as a protective mechanism against the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of high sugar and SFA foods as in diabetes.","PeriodicalId":339163,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Diabetology and Clinical Care","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123773274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Remission by Testosterone Olfaction.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/sjdcc.01.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjdcc.01.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Letter to Editor Diabetes may become the largest epidemic in human history, according to Paul Zimmet MD, PhD. Retired President of the International Diabetes Federation and Professor of Epidemiology at Monash University, Australia [1]. As of 2019 30.3 million Americans had diabetes and the number worldwide was 460 million and the number is rising. Some epidemiologists envision 1.2 billion diabetics by 2040. Without some major unforeseen breakthrough Testosterone Olfaction may be the only viable way to cope with this epidemic.","PeriodicalId":339163,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Diabetology and Clinical Care","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128247538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}