{"title":"Upper Houses and Constitutional Amendment Rules. In Search of (Supra)National Paradigm(s)","authors":"N. Rodean","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2784947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2784947","url":null,"abstract":"Notwithstanding recent interest in the study of constitutional amendment rules, there is very limited scholarship investigating the structure of formal amendment framework and little doctrinal debate on the role of upper houses, as sub-national units’ representatives, played in national amendment process and their capacity to strengthen the rigidity of constitutions. From an institutional framework perspective, this paper emphasizes the rules according to which the upper houses take part in constitutional revision processes, critically assessing the advantages and disadvantaged as well as the reasons of inclusion in these procedures. In this regard, firstly, it presents the theoretical rationales for their inclusion in the constitutional amendment process; secondly, it examines the amendment rules and identifies those mechanisms which gradually structure the constitutional rigidity. The analysis of amendment rules in different constitutions will allow for some remarks on the EU procedure of Treaty revision which encloses elements of rigidity. Although the EU is not a State and the Lisbon Treaty is not a Constitution, the comparison with the constitutional revision procedures of certain Member States, especially those with a decentralized structure, consents to analyze whether the mechanism of including national parliaments aggravates the Treaty amendment processes and to assess the impact on the quasi-constitutional configuration of the EU which deserves to be further developed in the perspective of the configuration of national legislatures as ‘territorial parliaments’ and their more incisive participation in the process of ‘formal European constitutional change’.","PeriodicalId":337063,"journal":{"name":"Florida International University College of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121163351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agricultural Biotechnology: Drawing on International Law to Promote Progress","authors":"J. Janewa OseiTutu","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2574093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2574093","url":null,"abstract":"In Bowman v. Monsanto, the Supreme Court declined to apply the principle of exhaustion to limit the patentee’s ability to control the reproduction of self-replicating inventions. This decision was justified from a patent law perspective on the basis that patent holder has a right to prevent others from making the invention. But what happens when we take other perspectives into account? For instance, a farmer might have human rights or other rights that may need to be balanced against the patentee’s right. Since globalized intellectual property standards were established through international agreements and much of the resistance to intellectual property laws is taking place at the international level, this Article turns to international law for guidance. Taking into consideration the competing regimes that touch on intellectual property rights, this Article concludes that we must continue to look for solutions within intellectual property law itself.","PeriodicalId":337063,"journal":{"name":"Florida International University College of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134633865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constitutional Pathology, the War on Terror, and United States v. Klein","authors":"H. Wasserman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1659043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1659043","url":null,"abstract":"In \"The Irrepressible Myth of Klein\" (University of Cincinnati Law Review, 2010), I discuss the meaning, scope, and continued relevance of the Supreme Court's historic decision in United States v. Klein (1871), arguing that Klein is not the judicially powerful a precedent many believe it to be. In this follow-up essay, I apply the insights of my analysis and exposure of Klein’s myths to two major pieces of legislation enacted as part of the ongoing War on Terror: The FISA Amendments Act of 2008 (granting retroactive immunity to telecommunications companies involved in warrantless surveillance) and the Military Commissions Act of 2006 (dealing with various issues surrounding the treatment and prosecution of terrorism detainees). I conclude that both laws largely survive constitutional scrutiny under Klein, thus illustrating the lack of doctrinal vigor and power - the myth - of Klein as constitutional precedent.","PeriodicalId":337063,"journal":{"name":"Florida International University College of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132612596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}