{"title":"Marginalized Kinsmen","authors":"M. Wong","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers subordinate and marginalized masculinities. A male interlocutor is seen as a daughter-in-law by the community after being drawn into an uxorilocal marriage. He is contrasted with an angry man who has lost his financial and social capital to become a self-denigrating minor in his extended family and society. Their inferior statuses bring both men into conflict with their fathers- and brothers-in-law, and also lead them inflict to domestic violence and emotional deprivation on their intimate partners as a kind of compensatory manhood. The chapter also touches on a form of fictive brotherhood that is heavily inflected by marginalization. Marginalization is shown to be essentially rooted in power imbalance, and the manhood acts marginalized men engage in as compensatory behaviour often reinforce gender inequality.","PeriodicalId":331865,"journal":{"name":"Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129618777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Responsible Family Men","authors":"M. Wong","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.10","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter both stretches out from and synthesizes the husband-wife and father-child dyads. The term 'a real man' is reprised and the different ways this is understood by unmarried partners who combine modern attitudes, such as female rights and independence, with traditional behaviour is contrasted. Men are shown to be simultaneously navigating the roles of father, son/son-in-law, and husband, with big changes in their spousal roles due to ideological changes in women's power, and to enjoy the new role of a more nurturing father. Filial piety is shown to be the single most crucial ideology that governs the parent-child relationship in Chinese culture, both historically and in the present. However, reciprocity now flows both ways and the trend is for prolonged parenting and delayed reciprocation.","PeriodicalId":331865,"journal":{"name":"Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134049256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"M. Wong","doi":"10.5790/hongkong/9789888528424.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528424.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The conclusion compares the main features of able-responsible man with representations of the ideal man in different cultural, and transnational, settings. The roles of physical strength and sex are considered. There is a critical review of the status of femininity and gender equality in Nanchong, and the culture of emulating exemplary norms in China. Filial piety and a general sense of duty to the nation provide the environment in which the able-responsible man is expected to carry responsibilities for the family, society and nation. Although the hegemonic model identified in Nanchong is coercive and denigrates marginalized men, the nature of the able-responsible man is shown to be essentially positive. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the extent to which the empirical discovery of the able-responsible man is influenced by the ethnographer herself.","PeriodicalId":331865,"journal":{"name":"Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121343678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nationalism and Masculinity","authors":"M. Wong","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter suggests that the national leader, Xi Jinping, has managed to build a new image of political leadership that corresponds with the discourse on masculinity in contemporary times. The archetypal model is constructed with the assistance of Xi’s wife and her modern First Lady image. There are multiple ethnographic vignettes highlighting the popular response to Xi’s policies and performance, and ordinary citizens’ expressions of militaristic nationalism, directed mainly against Japan. In the midst of this, President Xi is shown to have become the epitome of an able-responsible leader who shoulders responsibilities by his tough stance to fight corruption and poverty, and his call for the resurgence of national greatness. Xi’s prolific citations from classical, traditional, teachings to mundane analogies have special appeal on the grassroots level.","PeriodicalId":331865,"journal":{"name":"Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129767057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Young Men’s Pursuit of Marriage","authors":"M. Wong","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.9","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter looks at romance and marriage in China, from the popular portrayal in the reality dating show Feicheng Wurao, to the crucial social pressure for men and women to marry. The subjects of the two ethnographic cases are migrant workers who, although they have broken away from the humble rural backgrounds that would disadvantage them in the marriage market, nevertheless still face challenges finding wives. The chapter explicates an intrinsic tension in the hegemonic ideology of able-responsible man between the traditional values of patriarchy and the requirement that modern men are caring, romantic, and egalitarian. Tensions between money and love, male chauvinism and women’s equality, class differences, and the need for a man to be a good husband, father, and son-in-law, are all shown to affect men’s performance in romantic relationships and marriage.","PeriodicalId":331865,"journal":{"name":"Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127393091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Troubling Boys Becoming Men","authors":"M. Wong","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.8","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter describes, with two ethnographic cases, how hegemonic masculinity exerts influence during teenage boys’ formative years and their responses. There is a focus on failure or inadequacy, rather than the usual accounts of hard work and academic success in related Chinese literature. The boys' perceived docile and unmanly characters concern their parents, but the boys choose to exercise their agency to develop alternative masculinities, including interpreting androgyny and effeminacy as desirable male models, rather than conforming to the hegemonic ideal. The one-child policy and volatility created by the countrywide rural-to-urban labour migration are identified as affecting the lives of boys in 21st century China and leading, amongst other things, to large numbers of left behind children and only sons.","PeriodicalId":331865,"journal":{"name":"Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129100519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of Illustrations","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15d810h.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331865,"journal":{"name":"Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122562070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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