Environmental Emissions最新文献

Industrial Air Emission Pollution: Potential Sources and Sustainable Mitigation 工业空气排放污染:潜在来源和可持续缓解

Environmental Emissions Pub Date : 2021-01-07 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.93104

Rabia Munsif, M. Zubair, A. Aziz, M. Zafar

{"title":"Industrial Air Emission Pollution: Potential Sources and Sustainable Mitigation","authors":"Rabia Munsif, M. Zubair, A. Aziz, M. Zafar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.93104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.93104","url":null,"abstract":"Air of cities especially in the developing parts of the world is turning into a serious environmental interest. The air pollution is because of a complex interaction of dispersion and emission of toxic pollutants from manufactories. Air pollution caused due to the introduction of dust particles, gases, and smoke into the atmosphere exceeds the air quality levels. Air pollutants are the precursor of photochemical smog and acid rain that causes the asthmatic problems leading into serious illness of lung cancer, depletes the stratospheric ozone, and contributes in global warming. In the present industrial economy era, air pollution is an unavoidable product that cannot be completely removed but stern actions can reduce it. Pollution can be reduced through collective as well as individual contributions. There are multiple sources of air pollution, which are industries, fossil fuels, agro waste, and vehicular emissions. Industrial processes upgradation, energy efficiency, agricultural waste burning control, and fuel conversion are important aspects to reducing pollutants which create the industrial air pollution. Mitigations are necessary to reduce the threat of air pollution using the various applicable technologies like CO2 sequestering, industrial energy efficiency, improving the combustion processes of the vehicular engines, and reducing the gas production from agriculture cultivations.","PeriodicalId":330897,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Emissions","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116661531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Health Effect of Biomass Fuel Smoke 生物质燃料烟雾对健康的影响

Environmental Emissions Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94611

O. Awopeju

{"title":"Health Effect of Biomass Fuel Smoke","authors":"O. Awopeju","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.94611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94611","url":null,"abstract":"Almost half of the world population rely on solid (biomass fuel and coal) for cooking, heating and lightning purpose. The resultant exposure to fine particulate matter from household air pollution is the seventh-largest risk factor for global burden of disease causing between 2.6 and 3.8 million premature deaths per year. The health effect ranges from cardiovascular, respiratory, neurocognitive and reproductive health effect. The most important are cardiovascular and respiratory health effects; others are the risk of burns and cataract in the eyes. Biomass fuel is any living or recently living plant and animal-based material that is burned by humans as fuels, for example, wood, dried animal dung, charcoal, grass and other agricultural residues. Biomass fuels are at the low end of the energy ladder in terms of combustion efficiency and cleanliness. Incomplete combustion of biomass contributes majorly to household air pollution and ambient air pollution. A large number of health-damaging air pollutants are produced during the incomplete combustion of biomass. These include respirable particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, benzene, 1, 3 butadiene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and many other toxic organic compounds. In this article, health effects of biomass fuel use will be described in details highlighting the most affected systems and organs of the body.","PeriodicalId":330897,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Emissions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129224067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Use of Synchronous Fluorescence Technique in Environmental Investigations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Airborne Particulate Matter from an Industrial Region in Poland 同步荧光技术在波兰某工业区空气颗粒物中多环芳烃环境调查中的应用

Environmental Emissions Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92402

A. Matuszewska, M. Czaja

引用次数: 1

Effects of Environmental Emissions on the Respiratory System: Secrets and Consequences 环境排放物对呼吸系统的影响:秘密和后果

Environmental Emissions Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.92451

Farzaneh Hajirasouliha, Dominika Zabiegaj

{"title":"Effects of Environmental Emissions on the Respiratory System: Secrets and Consequences","authors":"Farzaneh Hajirasouliha, Dominika Zabiegaj","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.92451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.92451","url":null,"abstract":"Human health has been affected adversely by air pollution as a serious environmental challenge. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution mainly resulted from human activities (e.g., fuel combustion, heat generation, industrial facilities) causes 4.2 million deaths every year. Moreover, each year, 3.8 million people die from indoor air pollution which means household exposure to smoke from fuels and dirty cook stoves. They are the risks of stroke, heart attack, lung disease, or cancer that resulted from air pollution which assaults our brain, heart, and lungs using its invisible weapons named particulate matter (PM). These inhalable particles are of a nanoscale or microscale size. Upon inhalation, the air with its components enters the human body through the respiratory system. The lungs are the responsible organs for gas exchange with blood. Inhaled particles, such as silica, organic compounds, and metallic dusts, have toxic effects on our pulmonary system. For example, the accumulation of nanoparticles in the kidneys, liver, spleen, and central nervous system through the penetration of the epithelial barriers in the lungs has been observed. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the toxic effects of air particles on the different organs in the human body and to introduce some of the adverse effects of air pollution on human health.","PeriodicalId":330897,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Emissions","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130746504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Carbon Soot Polymer Nanocomposites (CSPNCs): Production, Surface Morphological, Glass Transition Temperature Phenomenon and Optical Properties 碳烟聚合物纳米复合材料(CSPNCs):制备、表面形态、玻璃化转变温度现象和光学性质

Environmental Emissions Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92389

R. Tailor, Y. K. Vijay, Minal Bafna

引用次数: 3

Methods to Reduce Mercury and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal Combustion Processes 减少煤炭燃烧过程中汞和氮氧化物排放的方法

Environmental Emissions Pub Date : 2020-05-11 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92342

M. Jȩdrusik, D. Łuszkiewicz, A. Świerczok

{"title":"Methods to Reduce Mercury and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal Combustion Processes","authors":"M. Jȩdrusik, D. Łuszkiewicz, A. Świerczok","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92342","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter presents the issue of reducing mercury and nitrogen oxides emissions from the flue gas of coal-fired boilers. The issue is particularly relevant due to the stricter regulations regarding exhaust gas purity. A brief review of the methods for reducing Hg and NOx emissions has been made, pointing out their pros and cons. Against this background, the results of the authors’ own research on the injection of selected oxidants into flue gases to remove both of these pollutants are presented. The injection of sodium chlorite solution into the flue gas (400 MWe lignite fired unit) upstream the wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) absorber contributed to the oxidation of both metallic mercury and nitric oxide and enhanced their removal efficiency. The results of tests on lignite and hard coal flue gases indicate that in order to reduce the unfavorable phenomenon of mercury re-emission from WFGD absorbers, in some cases, it is necessary to add selected chemical compounds (e.g., sulfides) to the desulfurization system. The results of field tests for flue gas from lignite (400 MWe unit) and hard coal-fired boilers (195 and 220 MWe units) confirmed the usefulness of oxidizer injection technology to reduce mercury emissions below the level required by BAT conclusions.","PeriodicalId":330897,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Emissions","volume":"6 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114123706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Importance of Air Quality Networks in Controlling Exposure to Air Pollution 空气质量网络对控制空气污染暴露的重要性

Environmental Emissions Pub Date : 2020-05-04 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92335

D. G. Madruga

{"title":"Importance of Air Quality Networks in Controlling Exposure to Air Pollution","authors":"D. G. Madruga","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92335","url":null,"abstract":"An air quality monitoring network (AQMN) is a basic piece of environmental management due to that it satisfies the major role in monitoring of environment emissions, in special relevance to target air pollutants. An adequate installation would lead to support high efficiency of the network. Therefore, AQMN pre-layout should be considered as an essential factor in regarding with the location of fixed measurement stations within AQMN, as the minimum number of sampling points. Nevertheless, once AQMN has been already installed, and given that the spatial air pollutants pattern can vary along time, an assessment of the AQMN design would be addressed in order to identify the presence of potential redundant fixed monitoring stations. This approach would let to improve the AQMN performance, reduce maintenance costs of the network and consolidate the investment on those more efficient fixed stations. The chapter includes aspects relative to air pollutants measured by networks, their representativeness, limitations, importance, and the future needs. It ponders the need of re-assessment of the AQMN layout for assuring (i) a right evaluation of the human being exposure to atmospheric pollutants and controlling the environmental emissions into the atmosphere and (ii) an adequate performance of the network along time.","PeriodicalId":330897,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Emissions","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125717445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2