Statistics and demography, the legacy of Corrado Gini最新文献

{"title":"From Gini’s approach to present-day demography: “tempo effects” on demographic insights (?)","authors":"G. Caselli","doi":"10.17265/2328-224x/2016.0102.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-224x/2016.0102.001","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first decade of the twentieth century, Italian demography, in jointly dealing with both quantitative aspects – with the benefit of an excellent training in statistics and mathematics – and the qualitative aspects of demographic development, has sought a synthesis in this mutual tie. Corrado Gini may have been the first to fully understand the need to combine the analysis of demographic phenomena with the study of social, economic and biological factors. This new approach was called “Demografia Integrale” (Integral Demography), which much of Gini’s own work is an example of, as is that of almost all the demographers of that period, as well as those who were, directly or indirectly, his “pupils”. What is left of that approach among the “grandchildren” and “great-grandchildren”, those who arrived from the 1960s onwards? Amid all the continuities and discontinuities, has demography in the second half of the twentieth century and after kept alive Gini’s teaching, whether in its content or in its approaches? In what follows we shall try to answer the questions raised, following the main lines of the long development of demographic research from Gini to the present. In the first part of this essay we shall try to outline the main points of Gini’s demographic work in sequence, considering what is the main object of his enquiry, the research that proved so important both nationally and internationally. In the second part we shall give a broad account of Italian demography in the years following the second world war down to our own day, trying to point out the continuities and discontinuities with the past, both in relation to topics and analytic approaches, and to methodological developments. The last part, which appears as an Appendix, will deal with the history of a research project that is still relevant internationally, and that started from the idea of checking ex post the contrasting theories of Gini and Mortara on the effects of lack of selection due to a decline in infant and adolescent mortality. The Appendix will also present a collection of witnesses: one from Antonio Golini, who came to demography in the new Institute of Demography and whose first work underwent the influence of demographic topics dear to Gini; another, very short one from Marcello Natale, who was Gini’s temporary assistant for one year; and the last one from Giuseppe Leti, one of Gini’s students of Statistics in Rome.","PeriodicalId":322369,"journal":{"name":"Statistics and demography, the legacy of Corrado Gini","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121353843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migrants settlement patterns in the city of Catania","authors":"A. Mazza, A. Punzo","doi":"10.4054/DEMRES.2016.35.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/DEMRES.2016.35.5","url":null,"abstract":"Social scientists are often interested in characterizing the forces underlying the settlementprocess of a population within a region of space. Frequently, the only information readilyavailable are on the spatial distribution of individuals in the region, so researchers often tryto obtain indications on the nature of the settlement process from the observation of spatialpatterns.Such indications are often based on measures of deviation of the observed pattern fromcomplete spatial random-ness (CSR). Nevertheless, in this context, CSR is of little interestbecause of the background geographical variation in the the study area and, typically, re-searchers are most concerned in clustering above and beyond that due to the urban fabricof the city. Why clustering occurs? Is it because individuals need to stay close togetherto interact or, conversely, because they concentrate in certain portions of space to exploitmore favorable conditions? In this paper we apply a parametric approach to the analysis ofspatial heterogeneity, based on the inhomogeneous K-function (Baddeley et al., 2000). Anapplication comparing the settlement patterns of different groups of foreign families withinthe urban area of Catania (Italy) is presented. We consider the urban space to be nonhomogenous, we estimate the pattern of inhomogeneity and we use it to separate clusteringdue to spatial heterogeneity from spatial dependence.","PeriodicalId":322369,"journal":{"name":"Statistics and demography, the legacy of Corrado Gini","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121991739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Many More Missing Women? Excess Female Mortality and Prenatal Sex Selection, 1970–2050","authors":"J. Bongaarts, C. Guilmoto","doi":"10.1111/J.1728-4457.2015.00046.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1728-4457.2015.00046.X","url":null,"abstract":"Sex-based discrimination has resulted in severe demographic imbalances between males and females, culminating in a large number of “missing women” in several countries around the world. We provide new estimates and projections of the number of missing females and of the roles played by prenatal and postnatal factors in this imbalance. We estimate time series of the number of missing females, the number of excess female deaths, and the number of missing female births for the world and selected countries. Estimates are provided for 1970–2010 and projections are made from 2010 to 2050. We show that the estimates of these different indicators are consistent with one another and account for the dynamics of the population of missing females over time. We conclude that the number of missing females has steadily risen in the past decades, reaching 126 million in 2010, and the number is expected to peak at 150 million in 2035. Excess mortality was the dominant cause of missing females in the past, and this is expected to remain the case in future decades in spite of the recent rise of prenatal sex selection. The annual number of newly missing females reached 3.4 million in 2010 and is expected to remain above 3 million every year until 2050.","PeriodicalId":322369,"journal":{"name":"Statistics and demography, the legacy of Corrado Gini","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123487312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Income Mobility to Economic Insecurity in the US and Spain during the Great Recession","authors":"Olga Cantó, David O. Ruiz","doi":"10.1108/S1049-258520150000023004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S1049-258520150000023004","url":null,"abstract":"Recent evidence on the impact of the crisis on developed countries shows that the changes in income inequality and poverty have been relatively small in spite of the macroeconomic heterogeneity of the recession across different economies. However, when evaluating the main changes in individual perceptions linked to the crisis not only increases in inequality or poverty matter, also changes in individually-perceived chances to scale up or lose ground in the income ladder are crucial. Our aim is to analyze to what extent the recession may have had an impact on economic insecurity perceptions by increasing income losses in two developed countries where job losses have been large. The contribution of income losses to insecurity is approximated by the prevalence of downward income mobility. We identify the main socioeconomic characteristics of those most likely to suffer from a large income loss. In general, age, education and the presence of children in the household are key determinants of this event in both countries.","PeriodicalId":322369,"journal":{"name":"Statistics and demography, the legacy of Corrado Gini","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124236143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}