Ekonomika Nauki最新文献

Public-private partnership as a tool to foster business innovation activities in the digital technologies field 将公私伙伴关系作为促进数字技术领域商业创新活动的工具

Ekonomika Nauki Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-61-75

D. V. Baibulatova

{"title":"Public-private partnership as a tool to foster business innovation activities in the digital technologies field","authors":"D. V. Baibulatova","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-61-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-61-75","url":null,"abstract":"The unprecedented sanctions imposed against Russia included restrictions on the supply of high-tech products and services have updated issues of ensuring the technological independence of Russia in the digital technologies field by increasing private sector involvement in innovation processes and relying on our own developments. Cooperation between the public and private sectors within the framework of public-private partnership (PPP) can become an effective tool for achieving this goal. The article analyses United States experience in use of PPPs in the digital technologies field as well as Russian practice of using this mechanism to foster business innovation activities. Analyzing specific PPP mechanisms (models), the author identifies their key features, which determine the possibilities of their application in the development and implementation of government-business cooperation projects in the digital technologies field. It is concluded that, unlike the United States, the leading country in digital development, PPP models are not used enough in Russia, which is explained, among other things, by the presence of administrative and legal barriers as well as problems with goal-setting.","PeriodicalId":32161,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Nauki","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends in the development of the labor market of young professionals with higher education 受过高等教育的年轻专业人员的劳动力市场发展趋势

Ekonomika Nauki Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-27-46

T. V. Tarasyeva

{"title":"Trends in the development of the labor market of young professionals with higher education","authors":"T. V. Tarasyeva","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-27-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-27-46","url":null,"abstract":"The discrepancy between the level of qualifications and competencies of specialists produced by universities and the demand of the labor market has become the main challenge for the competitiveness and development of universities at the beginning of the XXI century. However, in recent years, the higher education sector has been characterized by the desire of universities to solve this problem by reducing the imbalance between the graduation of specialists and the needs of potential employers. In this connection, a new strategy for the development of universities aimed at shaping the content and structure of the educational process in accordance with the requirements of the labor market and the specifics of technology development at the present stage of higher education development is becoming a key factor for ensuring a sustainable pace of university development. The purpose of the study is to compare the state of the labor market in general and the labor market of young professionals with higher education for the period 2010–2021. to identify their relationship with the features of the modern strategic development of universities and to check the impact of the graduation structure in the areas of training and the relevance of the acquired competencies on the development of the labor market in the short term. The article offers a set of indicators that allows a comprehensive assessment of the situation in the labor market segment – the labor market of young professionals with higher education. The possibility of considering the functioning of the labor market in connection with the peculiarities of modern university development significantly expands the understanding of the labor behavior of university graduates and can also be the basis for adjusting the strategic development of universities in terms of the structure of the graduation of young specialists, which together can serve as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of universities in the educational services market.","PeriodicalId":32161,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Nauki","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modern Trends in Research Assessment: A Case of the Netherlands 研究评估的现代趋势:以荷兰为例

Ekonomika Nauki Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-76-88

D. M. Kochetkov

{"title":"Modern Trends in Research Assessment: A Case of the Netherlands","authors":"D. M. Kochetkov","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-76-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-76-88","url":null,"abstract":"After the departure of commercial scientific information databases such as Scopus and Web of Science from Russia, the problem of building a new system for research assessment is more relevant than ever. At the same time, the new system does not have to copy the previous one with other data sources. The purpose of the article is to analyze global trends in the field of research evaluation. The authors have examined key supranational documents and practices in introducing a responsible approach to research assessment in the Netherlands. All the reviewed sources agree on one point: research activities should not be assessed based solely on quantitative indicators, especially on the basis of surrogate measures of quality such as impact factor. In the Netherlands, all the key stakeholders in the research sphere adhere to responsible research evaluation. An important role is played by the concept of valorization, which involves the use of scientific research results in the economy and for the benefit of society as a whole. The experience of the Netherlands can be used in Russia to build an advanced system for assessing research activities, which will contribute to achieving the development goals of our country and the implementation of priorities in the scientific, technical, and socio-economic spheres.","PeriodicalId":32161,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Nauki","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Internal university labor market: problem, inevitability or expediency? 高校内部劳动力市场:问题、必然性还是权宜之计?

Ekonomika Nauki Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-15-26

S. V. Orekhova, O. M. Nikitina

{"title":"Internal university labor market: problem, inevitability or expediency?","authors":"S. V. Orekhova, O. M. Nikitina","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-15-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-15-26","url":null,"abstract":"There are 2 strategic vectors of human resource management: an open or closed model. The reasons for the development or rooting of a closed model (the internal labor market) we explain by two groups of basic conditions (factors): the specifics of the external environment and the business model of the organization. Each of the conditions determines the need to attract workers with specific characteristics. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of these factors on the creation of internal labor markets in universities. The methodological framework of the study is based on human resource management and labor economics. The specificity of the business model of the university is due to the multifunctionality of its target efficiency, the complexity of the hierarchy, and the special characteristics of the goods. Also, the reasons for the emergence of closed models of human resource management are associated with bilateral and quasi-market relations in the higher education. Together, these factors explain the emergence of a special type of internal labor market. Its key characteristics are an indirect system for assessing the level of professor’s qualifications; self-selection and inbreeding as the unique institutions; implicit individual contracts as a by-product of the hidden career and the working time elasticity. In Russian universities, internal labor markets are a non-alternative model of human resource management due to the underdevelopment of infrastructure, as well as an imbalance in supply and demand in the external labor market. It is shown that the functioning of such a model will be relatively expedient when building the effective work of a university in a loose coupling net of national and international academic community.","PeriodicalId":32161,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Nauki","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring the level of technological sovereignty in foreign countries: the experience of the European Union 国外技术主权水平的测度:欧盟的经验

Ekonomika Nauki Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-47-60

O. A. Yeremchenko, N. G. Kurakova

{"title":"Measuring the level of technological sovereignty in foreign countries: the experience of the European Union","authors":"O. A. Yeremchenko, N. G. Kurakova","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-47-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-47-60","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the European experience in determining and measuring the achieved level of technological sovereignty in relation to individual countries, industries and technologies. The prerequisites for the actualization of the topic of technological independence in the EU countries, the key elements of the European concept of technological independence, the stages of evolution of approaches to the calculation of technological sovereignty indices are highlighted. It is shown that when developing an algorithm for calculating this index, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of sources, the availability of data, and the possibility of updating the results over time. As barriers to the application of algorithms for calculating the level of technological sovereignty of specific industries, the absence of a strict binding of companies to individual industries and technologies in reporting documents and statistical collections, as well as the impossibility of obtaining reliable estimates of the number of specialists involved in the production and research process, are indicated. The results of the analysis of approaches and a set of indicators of technological sovereignty used in the EU countries can be considered when developing algorithms for calculating the level of technological independence of domestic industries and technologies.","PeriodicalId":32161,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Nauki","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0