Irrigation in Agroecosystems最新文献

Water Footprint Differences of Producing Cultivars of Selected Crops in New Zealand 新西兰选定作物生产品种的水足迹差异

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77509

I. Fandika, P. Kemp, J. Millner, D. Horne

{"title":"Water Footprint Differences of Producing Cultivars of Selected Crops in New Zealand","authors":"I. Fandika, P. Kemp, J. Millner, D. Horne","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77509","url":null,"abstract":"Water footprint (WF) is a measure of the amount of water used to produce goods and ser- vices. It is a very important concept on indicating how much water can be consumed to complete a process of growing or processing a product at a particular location. However, paucity of water footprint information in countries facing increased competition for water resources between industries limits market access and profit optimization. Water footprint differences of producing selected cultivars of potato, oca and pumpkin squash were determined under irrigation and rain-fed regimes. All crop husbandry practices were followed in potato, oca (3.3 plants m −2 ) and pumpkin squash (2.2 plants m −2 ). Water footprint was determined as the ratio of volume of evapotranspiration for irrigated and rain-fed crops plus grey water to total yield. The consumptive water use for the rain-fed crop was 75, 65 and 69% of the irrigated oca, potato and pumpkin squash, respectively, with high water consumption in heritage cultivars. The water footprint was low in pumpkin squash and highest in oca, while potato cultivars were intermediate. Irrigation reduced water footprint especially in crops more responsive to irrigation. Farmers should focus on improving the harvest index and irrigation to reduce water footprint.","PeriodicalId":320215,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation in Agroecosystems","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131224267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deficit Irrigation in Mediterranean Fruit Trees and Grapevines: Water Stress Indicators and Crop Responses 亏缺灌溉在地中海果树和葡萄:水分胁迫指标和作物响应

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2018-11-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80365

A. Fernandes-Silva, Manuel Oliveira, Teresa A. Paço, Isabel Ferreira

引用次数: 18

Informational Entropy Approach for Rating Curve Assessment in Rough and Smooth Irrigation Ditch 粗糙和光滑灌渠等级曲线评价的信息熵法

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78975

Greco Michele

{"title":"Informational Entropy Approach for Rating Curve Assessment in Rough and Smooth Irrigation Ditch","authors":"Greco Michele","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78975","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of water discharge in open channel flow is one of the most crucial issues for hydraulic engineers in the fields of water resources management, river dynamics, eco-hydraulics, irrigation, hydraulic structure design, etc. Recent studies state that the entropy velocity law allows expeditive methodology for discharge estimation and rating curve development due to the simple mathematical formulation and implementation. A lot of works have been developed based on the entropy velocity profile supporting measurements in lab for rating curve assessment in regular ditch flows showing a good perfor- mance. The present work deals with the use of entropy velocity profile approach in order to give a general framework of threats and opportunities related to robust operational application of such laws in the field of rating curve assessment. The analysis has been carried on a laboratory flume with regular roughness under controlled boundary condi- tions and different stages generating an exhaustive dashboard for the better appraisal of the approaches. Finally, entropy model may represent a robust and useful tool for the water discharge assessment in rough ditches.","PeriodicalId":320215,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation in Agroecosystems","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132909790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of Plant Disease Epidemics with Irrigation Practices 用灌溉方法管理植物疫病

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78253

A. Café-Filho, C. A. Lopes, M. Rossato

{"title":"Management of Plant Disease Epidemics with Irrigation Practices","authors":"A. Café-Filho, C. A. Lopes, M. Rossato","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78253","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate water provision to roots is essential to warrant sustainable harvests of agri- cultural crops globally. However, water applied in excess or in deficit may result in the development of many fungal and bacterial plant diseases, which compromise produce yield and quality. Leaf wetness duration, soil water tension and related water variables impact several aspects of different plant disease cycles, such as the sporulation, sur - vival of pathogen propagules, their dispersal to new hosts, germination and infection. Irrigation is thus arguably the most important cultural practice in the management of plant diseases, especially in the context of the quest of a more sustainable, less chemi cally dependent agriculture. The technology of water application and method of irriga - tion have been profusely studied as to their direct relation to plant diseases. Irrigation management has a strong impact on the disease severity and epidemic progress rates of many plant pathosystems, ranging from leaf blights to vascular wilts. In addition, plant virus vector population levels and vector dispersal are also affected by the method of irrigation. This chapter reviews experimental data on the effect of different irrigation configurations and management systems on some representative plant diseases.","PeriodicalId":320215,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation in Agroecosystems","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116764321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Traditional Water Meadows: A Sustainable Management Type for the Future? 传统水草地:未来的可持续管理模式?

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79429

C. Buhk, J. Schirmel, Gerlach Rebekka, O. Frör

{"title":"Traditional Water Meadows: A Sustainable Management Type for the Future?","authors":"C. Buhk, J. Schirmel, Gerlach Rebekka, O. Frör","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79429","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional meadow irrigation techniques were once widespread throughout Europe and served as a method of grassland intensification before the era of mineral fertilization. Close to Landau (Palatinate), Germany, there are several hectares of traditionally irrigated water meadows that are irrigated twice a year in parts since the medieval age or irrigation has been reinitiated since the 1990. In a research project “WasserWiesenWerte”, we analyzed the ecological and socio-economic value of meadow irrigation. We compared extensively to semi-intensively used meadows with fertilizer application between 0 and 80 kg N/ha per year which were either irrigated or nonirrigated. The results were very motivating. Biomass production is increased by about one-third with irrigation. At the same time, several species groups did not decrease in frequency and diversity in the meadows under irrigation. In contrast, some especially rare species seemed to even profit. Ditch structures turned out to be especially important refuges for sensible meadow species and added a large quantity of additional species to the landscape diversity. We propose that the revitalization of traditional irrigation techniques should be considered when extensively managed grassland—especially hay meadows—are prone to either intensification or abandonment.","PeriodicalId":320215,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation in Agroecosystems","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128422428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Introductory Chapter: Irrigation after Millennia - Still One of the Most Effective Strategies for Sustainable Management of Water Footprint in Agricultural Crops 导论章:千年后的灌溉-仍然是农业作物水足迹可持续管理的最有效策略之一

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81189

G. Ondrašek

引用次数: 3

Irrigation Management Practices and Their Influence on Fruit Agroecosystem 灌溉管理措施及其对水果农业生态系统的影响

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79569

G. Kour, P. Bakshi

{"title":"Irrigation Management Practices and Their Influence on Fruit Agroecosystem","authors":"G. Kour, P. Bakshi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79569","url":null,"abstract":"Annual crops are highly sensitive to water stress, so efficient water management in orchards enhance the production and sustainability of fruit cultivation. The performance of fruit tree in terms of fruit yield, fruit size and quality and long term productivity is highly dependent on irrigation and different species respond to it differently, It is known fact that the amount of fresh water available for agriculture use is decreasing and there is a need to use water efficiently either by using water saving irrigation techniques or by scheduling irrigation as per the plant’s need. The scheduling of irrigation in fruit crops has gained significant importance for last one decade due to viewed rise in temperature, changing pattern of rainfall and reduction of fresh water for irrigation purposes especially for farmers indulged in fruit culture. The recent research phenology and physiology of the fruit trees in orchard management with major emphasis on water management practices e.g. deficit irrigation can influence an optimal nutrient equilibrium in soil, improve irri gation efficiency and prevent soil erosions. On this basis, work on irrigation scheduling based on evapotranspiration demand was studied in fruit agroecosystem to maintain high yield and quality of fruit crop.","PeriodicalId":320215,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation in Agroecosystems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132252997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Water Quality in Irrigated Paddy Systems 水田灌溉系统的水质

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77339

Jian Liu, Hongbin Liu, Ru Liu, M. Amin, Limei Zhai, Haiming Lu, Hongyuan Wang, Xubo Zhang, Yitao Zhang, Ying Zhao, Xiaodong Ding

{"title":"Water Quality in Irrigated Paddy Systems","authors":"Jian Liu, Hongbin Liu, Ru Liu, M. Amin, Limei Zhai, Haiming Lu, Hongyuan Wang, Xubo Zhang, Yitao Zhang, Ying Zhao, Xiaodong Ding","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77339","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigated paddy rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for roughly half of the world ’ s popula-tion. Concerns over water quality have arisen in recent decades, particularly in China, which is the largest rice-producing country in the world and has the most intensive use of nutrients and water in rice production. On the one hand, the poor water quality has constrained the use of water for irrigation to paddy systems in many areas of the world. On the other hand, nutrient losses from paddy production systems contribute to contamination and eutrophi- cation of freshwater bodies. Here, we review rice production, water requirement, water quality issues, and management options to minimize nutrient losses from paddy systems. We conclude that management of nutrient source, rate, timing, and placement should be combined with the management of irrigation and drainage water to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from paddies. More research is needed to identify cost-effective monitoring approaches and mitigation options, and relevant extension and policy should be enforced to achieve water quality goals. The review is preliminarily based on China ’ s scenario, but it would also provide valuable information for other rice-producing countries.","PeriodicalId":320215,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation in Agroecosystems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128419831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Using Smartphone Technologies to Manage Irrigation 利用智能手机技术管理灌溉

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77304

T. Coolong, Luke Miller, G. Vellidis

引用次数: 1

Paddy Fields as Artificial and Temporal Wetland 稻田作为人工湿地和时间湿地

Irrigation in Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80581

Tsugihiro Watanabe

{"title":"Paddy Fields as Artificial and Temporal Wetland","authors":"Tsugihiro Watanabe","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80581","url":null,"abstract":"Paddy cultivation plays a significant and vital role on rice production. Most of the global population depends on the 480 million tons of rice produced each year as the basis for their lives. While about 90% of the world ’ s 160 million hectares of paddy fields are in Asian countries, mainly in monsoon regions, paddies are also seen in North America and Africa, even in dry regions. Most of the paddy fields are flooded naturally or artificially during rice production period. In the case that paddy fields are kept submerged artifi- cially, hydraulic structures are required. Irrigated paddy fields produce traditionally much rice, taking befits of stable water supply and continuous ponding. Paddy fields are simultaneously performing other functions for local environment, including climate mitigation, flood control, groundwater recharge, biodiversity, and ecosystem development. On the other hand, since paddy fields require much water and modify the original and natural hydrological regime, they might cause adverse effect on local environment. Much water supply by irrigation sometimes requires drainage system, which also might alter local water balance. In this chapter, implication of paddy fields as artificial and temporal wetland is reviewed comprehensively with various aspects, focusing mainly on their role for local hydrological environment.","PeriodicalId":320215,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation in Agroecosystems","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131566120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10