{"title":"Turn-taking","authors":"J. Ingram","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198869313.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869313.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"There is an almost universal pattern and structure to classroom interaction that both constrains what teachers and students can do, but also offers opportunities to use these structures to support the learning of mathematics. Turn taking structures that dominate learning interactions may control who can speak when and what can be said but turns can include a wide range of actions that constitute what it means to learn or do mathematics. It is through the deviations from these structures, such as when students speak ‘out of turn’, that these opportunities become clear. This reveals opportunities for teachers to work both within these structures, but also where deviations from these structures can also support learning. For example, by manipulating the wait time that can arise between turns in classroom interactions.","PeriodicalId":318589,"journal":{"name":"Patterns in Mathematics Classroom Interaction","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121197300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Final Thoughts","authors":"J. Ingram","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198869313.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869313.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematics classroom interactions are both intricate and complex. They are contingent upon the contexts in which they occur but can both open up and close down opportunities to do mathematics in different ways. What it means to be successfully participating in the learning of mathematics can be challenged by considering how learning mathematics is contingently produced and negotiated. Conversation analytic approaches describe in detail the various, and often contrasting, paths that teachers and students follow as they interaction in mathematics classrooms. Yet there is so much more to discover about this process of mathematics learning as it happens in the classroom.","PeriodicalId":318589,"journal":{"name":"Patterns in Mathematics Classroom Interaction","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117113228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Doing Mathematics","authors":"J. Ingram","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198869313.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869313.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Learning mathematics is a way of acting. Mathematics is something that you do, not just something you know. Yet what it means to do mathematics can depend upon the norms and sociomathematical norms in each classroom. In turn, what it means to do mathematics in a classroom affects what it means to be a student or a teacher of mathematics. This doing of mathematics can be about communicating and problem solving, or it can be about remembering and knowing. Similarly, what it means to explain, argue, or justify varies between classrooms and the opportunities for students to do mathematics are constrained by what it means to do mathematics in each and every mathematics classroom.","PeriodicalId":318589,"journal":{"name":"Patterns in Mathematics Classroom Interaction","volume":"129 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123770473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conversation Analysis","authors":"J. Ingram","doi":"10.4135/9781412950589.n177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n177","url":null,"abstract":"Conversation analysis offers an inductive approach to the analysis of classroom interaction. With its roots in ethnomethodology, conversation analysis is underpinned by some key principles that focus on how the learning of mathematics is made visible through teachers’ and students’ interactions. Using the tools developed by conversation analysts, the structures and patterns of interaction within mathematics classrooms can be described to reveal what it means to learn, and what it means to do, mathematics in school classrooms. This approach foregrounds what teachers and students themselves treat as learning and doing mathematics and reveals the multifaceted role of interaction in these processes.","PeriodicalId":318589,"journal":{"name":"Patterns in Mathematics Classroom Interaction","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126163124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}