{"title":"Women Faculty in US Business Schools","authors":"B. Barber, Donald A Palmer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1490084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1490084","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the representation of women on the faculties of US business schools over the period 2002 to 2009. While women are a distinct minority on the faculties of US business schools, their ranks are increasing. At the end of our sample period, 25.3% of faculty members are women, up from 20.0% in 2002. The percentage of women is higher among untenured than among tenured faculty. The representation of women and its variation across schools are not random. Small schools and schools in the northeast have better representation of women on their faculty. Perhaps most strikingly, schools ranked among the top 50 by US News have fewer women on their faculty. We discuss possible reasons for the latter result, but the empirical observation that ranked schools have fewer women remains an intriguing puzzle.","PeriodicalId":315039,"journal":{"name":"Human Resource Management & Personnel","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134086042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Getting Off on the Right Foot: Subjective Value versus Economic Value in Predicting Longitudinal Job Outcomes from Job Offer Negotiations","authors":"J. Curhan, Hillary Anger Elfenbein, G. Kilduff","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.973825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.973825","url":null,"abstract":"Although negotiation experiences can affect a negotiator's ensuing attitudes and behavior, little is known about their long-term consequences. Using a longitudinal survey design, the authors tested the degree to which economic and subjective value achieved in job offer negotiations predicts employees' subsequent job attitudes and intentions concerning turnover. Results indicate that subjective value predicts greater compensation satisfaction and job satisfaction and lower turnover intention measured 1 year later. Surprisingly, the economic outcomes that negotiators achieved had no apparent effects on these factors. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":315039,"journal":{"name":"Human Resource Management & Personnel","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115688471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperation in the Cockpit: Evidence of Reciprocity and Trust Among Swiss Air Force Pilots","authors":"B. Hedinger, L. Goette","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.996187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.996187","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation between workers is important for firms. Cooperation can be maintained through positive or negative reciprocity between workers. In an environment where cooperation yields high efficiency gains negative reciprocity may, however, result in high costs for firms. Therefore positive reciprocity should be prevailing in these environments. To test this assumption we conduct experiments with Swiss Air Force pilots and a student reference group. We find that pilots’ cooperation is based on stronger positive reciprocal behaviour. We conclude that Swiss Air Force pilots maintain team-work with high levels of positive reciprocity, regardless of the identity of their partner.","PeriodicalId":315039,"journal":{"name":"Human Resource Management & Personnel","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128106052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ambiguity in Policy Lessons: The Agencification Experience","authors":"Donald Moynihan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.867125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.867125","url":null,"abstract":"The policy transfer literature identifies the importance of context in shaping policy selection. However, countries with distinctly different contexts are pursuing the agencification of the public sector. Why? The solution to this puzzle lies in the ambiguity associated with public management ideas, which allows policy adopters room to interpret management doctrines and experience. The result is that public management ideas that carry the same identifying label can mask variation in the understanding of the policy, the motivation for adoption, and in implementation outcomes. The process of interpretation allows policymakers in different contexts to a) adopt superficially similar policy concepts, b) overlook negative experiential learning that contradicts the policy doctrine, and c) adopt policies unsuitable to the national context.","PeriodicalId":315039,"journal":{"name":"Human Resource Management & Personnel","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114023889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. O'Donnell, Mairead Tracey, L. Henriksen, Peter Cleary, N. Bontis, T. Kennedy, Philip O’Regan
{"title":"On the 'Essential Condition' of Intellectual Capital: Labour!","authors":"D. O'Donnell, Mairead Tracey, L. Henriksen, Peter Cleary, N. Bontis, T. Kennedy, Philip O’Regan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.808245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.808245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explicitly raises the issue of the ownership rights of labour to intellectual capital. Following Marx and Engels' identification of the 'essential condition of capital' - this paper begins an initial critical exploration of the essential condition of intellectual capital, particularly the ownership rights of labour. Adopting a critically modernist stance on unitarist HR and OB discourse, and contextualised within a background on the stock option phenomenon and recent accounting regulation, the paper argues that the fundamental nature of the capital-labour relation continues resiliently into the IC-labour relation. There is strong evidence that broad-based ESOPs have become institutionalised in certain firms and sectors - but the future of such schemes is very uncertain post 2005 accounting regulation. Overly unitarist HR/OB arguments are challenged here with empirical evidence on capital's more latently strategic purposes such as conserving cash, reducing reported accounting expense in order to boost reported earnings, deferring taxes, and attracting, retaining and exploiting key elements of labour. Research supports the positive benefits of broad-based employee stock ownership schemes; but further research on the benefits of such schemes and the reasons why they are or are not implemented is now required. From the perspective of labour, nothing appears to have really changed (yet) in terms of the essential condition of intellectual capital.","PeriodicalId":315039,"journal":{"name":"Human Resource Management & Personnel","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115124766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate Entrepreneurship: Linking Strategic Roles to Multiple Dimensions of Performance","authors":"J. Mair, C. Rata","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.673461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.673461","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from a large European financial services firm which engaged in an entrepreneurial initiative to enhance its competitiveness, this paper explores the strategic role of middle managers in the context of corporate entrepreneurship and its link to multiple dimensions of performance. The findings indicate that middle managers’ role can be decomposed along four reliable and stable dimensions that are consistent with those suggested by the literature. Building on a stakeholder approach, the paper relates the identified roles to multiple dimensions of performance, namely to financial performance, customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction. Canonical correlation analysis –a useful and powerful method to explore relations among multidimensional variables– indicates a significant but weak relationship.","PeriodicalId":315039,"journal":{"name":"Human Resource Management & Personnel","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132203274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Executive Compensation at Fannie Mae: A Case Study of Perverse Incentives, Nonperformance Pay, and Camouflage","authors":"L. Bebchuk, J. Fried","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.653125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.653125","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a case study of Fannie Mae's executive compensation arrangements during the period 2000-2004. We identify and analyze four problems with these arrangements:- First, by richly rewarding executives for reporting higher earnings, without requiring return of the compensation if earnings turned out to be misstated, Fannie Mae's arrangement provided perverse incentives to inflate earnings.- Second, Fannie Mae's arrangements provided soft landings to executives who were pushed out by the board for failure; expectation of such outcome adversely affected ex ante incentives.- Third, even if the executives had retired after years of unblemished service, the value of their retirement packages would have been largely unrelated to their own performance.- Fourth, both when promising retirement payments to executives and when making theses payments, Fannie Mae's disclosures obscured rather than made transparent the total values of the executives' retirement packages.Because many other companies have practices similar to Fannie Mae's, our case study highlights some general problems with existing pay practices and the need for reform.","PeriodicalId":315039,"journal":{"name":"Human Resource Management & Personnel","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128145713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employee Governance","authors":"S. Turnbull","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.253349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.253349","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the conflicts of interests introduced by employee participation in the governance of a firm and how these can be constructively resolved by introducing a division of power between investors and employees and/or between management and workers. Case studies reveal that non-trivial sustainable employee control of industrial firms are dependent upon establishing a compound board to separate, mediate and resolve conflicts of interests. Internal competition for control through a compound board is identified as an alternative to external competition for control through the stock market as a way for maintaining firm efficiency. The failure to introduce a compound board is identified as the reason for insider participation in governance reducing rather than increasing investor returns and jeopardising the viability of employee owned firms as demonstrated in transitional economies. The paper concludes that the problem will spread in advanced nations as tax incentives increase employee ownership with unitary boards.","PeriodicalId":315039,"journal":{"name":"Human Resource Management & Personnel","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116101656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparable Worth in a General Equilibrium Model of the U.S. Economy","authors":"P. Beider, B. Bernheim, V. Fuchs, J. Shoven","doi":"10.3386/W2090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W2090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a computable general equilibrium model that simulates the effects on employment, output, wages, and economic efficiency of introducing comparable worth into the U.S. economy. The model calculates economy-wide aggregate impacts and disaggregated results for individuals grouped by sex, marital status, and education. The effects depend on the hiring rules that would accompany comparable worth, the source of existing male-female wage differentials, the extent of coverage of comparable worth, the intra-household behavior of married couples, and demand and supply elasticities. If, after comparable worth is introduced, employers are constrained to employ men and women in historical proportions, the adverse effects on aggregate employment, output, and efficiency would be much larger than if the employment constraint is based on applicant proportions. If existing wage gaps are the result of sex differences in productivity, the adverse of facts of comparable worth are relatively large; but if they are the result of discrimination, the efficiency losses are much smaller. If only part of the economy is subject to comparable worth, the efficiency loss is reduced under the productivity gap assumption, but increased if the wage gap is the result of discrimination. The redistributive effects of comparable worth on married men and women are sensitive to assumptions about intra-household behavior and the size of the gains from marriage. By contrast, unmarried women appear to benefit from comparable worth under most sets of assumptions while unmarried men lose.","PeriodicalId":315039,"journal":{"name":"Human Resource Management & Personnel","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124933171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}