Water and Wastewater Treatment最新文献

Removal of Escherichia Coli Using Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Riverbank Filtration 河岸过滤中低频电磁场去除大肠杆菌的研究

Water and Wastewater Treatment Pub Date : 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85296

R. Selamat, I. Abustan, M. Arshad, Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal

{"title":"Removal of Escherichia Coli Using Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Riverbank Filtration","authors":"R. Selamat, I. Abustan, M. Arshad, Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85296","url":null,"abstract":"An increase of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli) in river water is a concern as it is the main precursor to health hazard disinfection in conventional drinking water treatment systems. One possibility of growing interest in water utilities is the technology of riverbank filtration (RBF). RBF is a new method that could introduce non-chemical techniques and natural treatments in Malaysia. Although RBF systems are efficient in reducing or removing the concentrations of contaminants, they are mostly ineffective in the removal of pathogenic bacteria especially during flood and wet seasons. Therefore, this study aimed to remove Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), and reduce the concentration with low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMF) as a component of the non-ionising radiations in RBF. A water quality monitoring study showed that the initial concentrations of E. coli in the water of Sungai Kerian and the tube well were 2419.6 MPN/100 mL and 10.1 MPN/100 mL respectively. This finding signifies that the water abstracted from the RBF well still requires further treatment to ensure the water is safe and clean for human consumption. This research project successfully presents and discusses the design and construction of a LF-EMF device built on five horizontal coiled columns that were capable of producing uniform magnetic fields in the frequency range of 50 Hz, and at varying magnetic field densities of 2 mT, 4 mT, 6 mT, 8 mT, and 10 mT for the same range of exposure times. The coiled column model for the development of the prototype parameters were successfully studied. The LF-EMF simulation was performed to determine the removal of E. coli bacteria in the river water induced by a 50 Hz with a range of 2 to 10 mT","PeriodicalId":313064,"journal":{"name":"Water and Wastewater Treatment","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114520404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment of Water and Wastewater for Reuse and Energy Generation-Emerging Technologies 水和废水处理的再利用和能源生产——新兴技术

Water and Wastewater Treatment Pub Date : 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84474

Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh, S. Rathilal, M. Chetty, E. Armah, D. Asante-Sackey

{"title":"Treatment of Water and Wastewater for Reuse and Energy Generation-Emerging Technologies","authors":"Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh, S. Rathilal, M. Chetty, E. Armah, D. Asante-Sackey","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84474","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh water quality and supply, particularly for domestic and industrial purposes, are deteriorating with contamination threats on water resources. Multiple technologies in the conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) settings have been adopted to purify water to a desirable quality. However, the design and selection of a suitable cost-effective treatment scheme for a catchment area are essential and have many considerations including land availability, energy, effluent quality and operational simplicity. Three emerging technologies are discussed, including anaerobic digestion, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and membrane technology, which holds great promise to provide integrational alternatives for manifold WWT process and distribution systems to mitigate contaminants and meet accept-able limitations. The main applications, basic principles, merits and demerits of the aforementioned technologies are addressed in relation to their current limitations and future research needs in terms of renewable energy. Hence, the advancement in manufacturing industry along with WWT blueprints will enhance the application of these technologies for the sustainable management and conservation of water.","PeriodicalId":313064,"journal":{"name":"Water and Wastewater Treatment","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120967433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Assessment of Microbial Load Reduction Efficiency of Sewage Treatment Plants (STP’s) in Mysore, Karnataka, India 印度卡纳塔克邦迈索尔污水处理厂微生物负荷减少效率评估

Water and Wastewater Treatment Pub Date : 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82248

Severeni Ashili, H. P. Shivaraju, G. Jessen

引用次数: 1

Removal of Cr(VI) from Waters by Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Optimization and Kinetic Investigations 多壁碳纳米管去除水中铬(VI):优化及动力学研究

Water and Wastewater Treatment Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84225

F. J. Alguacil, F. López

引用次数: 14

Desalination with Renewable Energy: A 24 Hours Operation Solution 可再生能源海水淡化:24小时运行解决方案

Water and Wastewater Treatment Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84944

M. Shahzad, M. Burhan, D. Ybyraiymkul, K. Ng

{"title":"Desalination with Renewable Energy: A 24 Hours Operation Solution","authors":"M. Shahzad, M. Burhan, D. Ybyraiymkul, K. Ng","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84944","url":null,"abstract":"The inevitable escalation in economic development has serious implications on energy and environment nexus. The International Energy Outlook 2016 (IEO2016) predicted that the Non Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (non-OECD) countries will lead with 71% rise in energy demand in contrast with only 18% in developed countries from 2012 to 2040. In Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC) countries, about 50% of primary energy is consumed for cogeneration based power and desalination plants. The desalination capacities are expected to increase fivefold by 2050 and renewable energy application can be one of the solution for sustainable water production. The major bottleneck in commercialization of renewable energy sources is its intermittent nature of supplies specially wind and solar. We proposed solar thermal energy storage to operate desalination system around the clock. Magnesium oxide (MgO) can be utilized as an efficient energy storage system to store solar thermal energy for off period operation. The heat generated by regeneration processes at day time and exothermic adsorption at night can operate desalination cycle 24 h. The operational temperature ranges from 120 to 140°C and energy storage 41–81 kJ/mol. It was successfully demonstrated by experimentation that MgO operated hybrid desalination cycle can achieve highest performance and lowest carbon emission. The proposed cycle can achieve sustainable water production goals.","PeriodicalId":313064,"journal":{"name":"Water and Wastewater Treatment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129402870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Photocatalytic Treatment of Pesticides Using TiO2 Doped with Rare Earth 稀土掺杂TiO2光催化处理农药

Water and Wastewater Treatment Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84677

Juan C. Arévalo Pérez, J. G. Torres, D. D. L. C. Romero, H. Pérez-Vidal, M. A. Rocha, I. López, A. Uribe, Zenaida Guerra Que

{"title":"Photocatalytic Treatment of Pesticides Using TiO2 Doped with Rare Earth","authors":"Juan C. Arévalo Pérez, J. G. Torres, D. D. L. C. Romero, H. Pérez-Vidal, M. A. Rocha, I. López, A. Uribe, Zenaida Guerra Que","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84677","url":null,"abstract":"Rare earth doping ions can improve the spectral response of this semiconductor to the visible region. This work evaluated the dopant effect of rare earth ions such as La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm, Eu, and Gd in titania for the solar photodegradation of Diuron and methyl parathion. The increase in the content up to 0.5% of dopants decreases photoactivity due to the formation of photo-generated electron-hole pair recombination centers. The catalysts calcined at 500°C presented only the anatase crystalline phase and the samples doped with La and Ce at 0.1 and 0.3% were the most active in diuron solar degradation; however, when the temperature of the thermal treatment increased to 800°C, mixtures of crystalline phases were presented. The catalyst with the highest anatase content showed the best performance. The materials calcined at 500°C with better performance in diuron solar degradation were selected to to treat methyl parathion using solar light. Finally, under these conditions, an affinity was found for the dopant ions in titania and in the functional groups of the contaminating molecules (phenylurea and thiophosphate). Solar photodegradation of diuron was more effective with La and Ce, while for methyl parathion, it was Eu at 0.3%.","PeriodicalId":313064,"journal":{"name":"Water and Wastewater Treatment","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122405677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Advances in Metal Recovery from Wastewaters Using Selected Biosorbent Materials and Constructed Wetland Systems 生物吸附材料和人工湿地系统回收废水中金属的研究进展

Water and Wastewater Treatment Pub Date : 2019-02-12 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84335

John G. Murnane, B. Ghanim, Lisa O’Donoghue, R. Courtney, Thomas F. O’Dwyer, J. Pembroke

{"title":"Advances in Metal Recovery from Wastewaters Using Selected Biosorbent Materials and Constructed Wetland Systems","authors":"John G. Murnane, B. Ghanim, Lisa O’Donoghue, R. Courtney, Thomas F. O’Dwyer, J. Pembroke","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84335","url":null,"abstract":"An expanding global population not only increases the amounts of municipal solid waste and wastewater generated but also raises demand for a wide range of raw materials used to manufacture goods. Extraction of these raw materials and many subsequent manufacturing processes contribute significantly to the presence of a variety of metals in wastewaters and leachates. Metal-rich wastewaters not only result in short- and long-term environmental and associated health concerns but also have potential economic value if the metals can be recovered. In this chapter, we review the effectiveness of biochar, microbial and lignin biosorbents as well as constructed wetland systems to remove soluble metals from wastewaters. The wide variation in adsorptive capacity of these biosorbent materials reflects the heterogeneous nature of the source materials used for their production. Physical and chemical modifications of biochars and lignins generally improve their adsorptive capacities which remain highly variable. Constructed wetlands are attractive because of their passive nature with low-energy and low-maintenance requirements, although their long-term capacity to treat metal-rich wastewaters is as yet largely undetermined. Future perspectives focus on increasing the selectivity of adsorbents to remove complex matrices of metals from wastewaters and on increasing their adsorption/desorption capacities.","PeriodicalId":313064,"journal":{"name":"Water and Wastewater Treatment","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127502406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Nonconventional Wastewater Treatment for the Degradation of Fuel Oxygenated (MTBE, ETBE, and TAME) 非常规废水处理中燃料氧化降解(MTBE、ETBE和TAME)

Water and Wastewater Treatment Pub Date : 2019-02-08 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84250

Zenaida Guerra Que, J. Torres, I. López, Juan C. Arévalo Pérez, A. Uribe, H. P. Vidal, Alejandra Reyna, J. C. P. Sosa, M. A. Rocha, Cecilia Sánchez Trinidad

{"title":"Nonconventional Wastewater Treatment for the Degradation of Fuel Oxygenated (MTBE, ETBE, and TAME)","authors":"Zenaida Guerra Que, J. Torres, I. López, Juan C. Arévalo Pérez, A. Uribe, H. P. Vidal, Alejandra Reyna, J. C. P. Sosa, M. A. Rocha, Cecilia Sánchez Trinidad","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84250","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is a nonconventional wastewater treatment, consisting of oxygen pressure releasing inside a reactor in order to degrade organic compounds dissolved in water, using a solid catalyst in the presence of an activated O 2 species, usually at temperatures ranges of 125–250°C and pressures of 10–50 bar. CWAO can reduce operating costs of conventional treatment due to the use of ideal catalyst that is able to improve reaction conditions at temperatures and pressures as mild as possible, simultaneously setting high catalytic activity and long-term stability of heterogeneous catalysts. Oxygenated fuels are gasoline additives in reformulated gasoline and oxyfuels. In the beginning, they provided an alternative solution of environmental problems, such as greenhouse gas emissions and octane enhancement, caused by fossil fuel use. The oxygenated fuels frequently used are methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME). However, there is environmental impact from oxygenated fuel hydrocarbons related to widespread contamination of groundwater and other natural waters. Our research group developed a wide study in order to evaluate several catalysts (Ru, Au, Cu, and Ag supported on Al 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 -CeO 2 , and TiO 2 -CeO 2 ) and to obtain the best for the efficiency of the oxidation process.","PeriodicalId":313064,"journal":{"name":"Water and Wastewater Treatment","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115547433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1