Demográfia English Edition最新文献

Hungarian trends and gender differences in the global smoking epidemic 全球吸烟流行的匈牙利趋势和性别差异

Demográfia English Edition Pub Date : 2019-06-19 DOI: 10.21543/DEE.2019.1

A. Wéber

{"title":"Hungarian trends and gender differences in the global smoking epidemic","authors":"A. Wéber","doi":"10.21543/DEE.2019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21543/DEE.2019.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes whether developments in Hungary are in keeping with the trends of the process known as the “global smoking epidemic.” To this end, the comparative cases of the USA and Austria are used as a benchmark for reviewing the results concerning tobacco consumption and sex differences in mortality. A comparative analysis has been conducted using prevalence and tobacco-related mortality data in longer-term perspectives. The study analyzes the descriptive statistics of the smoking-attributable premature mortality trends in Hungary between 2000 and 2015 by sex, age, and cause of death, using the updated method of the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The results show that Hungarian men are suffering more destructive consequences of the smoking epidemic than American or Austrian men. Hungarian and Austrian women are half a century behind the peak of the epidemic in the USA, and the harmful effect is also smaller than in the USA. Nevertheless, we can also predict that differences by sex will decrease significantly in the future. Between 2000 and 2015, male smoking-attributable mortality declined in Hungary; meanwhile, among women it increased dramatically. As a consequence, in the over-50 age group, increasing tobacco-related mortality is holding back the improvement in female mortality. The key causes of death attributable to smoking – e.g., bronchitis, emphysema, and COPD, and lung, bronchus, and trachea cancers – are also identified. All this means that, in every age group and for almost all causes of death, the differences by sex declined significantly in the period analyzed. Our results indicate that compared to the United States, the possibly more traditional gender roles characterizing Austrian and Hungarian society, and the related cultural norms, reduced the harm arising from the cigarette epidemic among Central and Eastern European women. However, a strong negative cohort effect can also be identified in the Hungarian female population born between 1945 and 1965, largely due to smoking. This implies that the promotion of a healthy life style among middle-aged and older females could be a major policy target.","PeriodicalId":311124,"journal":{"name":"Demográfia English Edition","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121778962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marriage or Cohabitation? A Survey of Students’ Attitudes in Greece 结婚还是同居?希腊学生态度调查

Demográfia English Edition Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21543/DEE.2017.1

K. Rontos, M. Roumeliotou, L. Salvati, Maria-Eleni Syrmali

{"title":"Marriage or Cohabitation? A Survey of Students’ Attitudes in Greece","authors":"K. Rontos, M. Roumeliotou, L. Salvati, Maria-Eleni Syrmali","doi":"10.21543/DEE.2017.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21543/DEE.2017.1","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, family patterns have been (more or less rapidly) transformed in all Western societies. This is also the case for Greece, whose society was frequently considered one of the most traditional among European countries, since family stereotypes, secular social norms and – in some ways – religion occupied (and still do) a prominent position. Based on a survey of students’ attitudes towards marriage (or cohabitation), an exploratory data analysis allows the identification of specific factors shaping beliefs and attitudes toward marriage in Greek society. In particular, it is demonstrated that female students are overcoming traditional boundaries and prefer more modern forms of companionship. The results indicate that female students tend to postpone their decision to marry, as traditional family stereotypes seem to have lost their influence on the life course decisions taken by young women. Additionally, a large proportion of female students use cohabitation as a precursor to marriage. Respondents are found to be more emancipated and independent than in years gone by, while social status and financial independence are sought through education rather than marriage. Another important factor is the lack of state policies supporting families and the lack of incentives to have children.","PeriodicalId":311124,"journal":{"name":"Demográfia English Edition","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123504237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The relationships between childlessness and aducational attainment among women born between 1920 and 1979 in Hungary 匈牙利1920年至1979年间出生的妇女无子女与受教育程度之间的关系

Demográfia English Edition Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21543/dee.2020.1

L. Szabó

引用次数: 0

Ukraine in the migration system of Europe: transformations in a time of independence 欧洲移民体系中的乌克兰:独立时期的转型

Demográfia English Edition Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21543/dee.2022.2

O. Malynovska, I. Molodikova

引用次数: 0

Men's income disadvantage and life satisfaction among Hungarian couples 匈牙利夫妇中男性收入劣势与生活满意度

Demográfia English Edition Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21543/dee.2022.1

G. Hajdú, E. Sík