{"title":"CHAPTER ELEVEN The Netherlands: Access to Higher Education-Institutional Arrangements and Inequality of Opportunity","authors":"S. Rijken","doi":"10.1515/9780804768146-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804768146-013","url":null,"abstract":"The authors examine inequality in access to postsecondary education in the Netherlands in a historical perspective. Three types of postsecondary education are distinguished: (1) universities (WO); (2) higher vocational colleges (HBO); and (3) senior vocational education (MBO). The tertiary system is two-tiered with a distinct separation between vocational and academic programs of study. Previous research demonstrates that inequality of educational opportunity decreased markedly for cohorts born between 1920 and 1970 in lower levels of education while inequality of access at the postsecondary level remained stable. This study examines whether inequality at higher levels of education has remained stable for more recent cohorts and whether, and how, the differentiation between the vocational and academic tracks has played a role in the persistence of educational inequality. Using a multiple-panel database, the study examines both upward and downward transitions in postsecondary educational careers for students born between 1965 and 1981.","PeriodicalId":309366,"journal":{"name":"Stratification in Higher Education","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128097657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHAPTER EIGHT Great Britain: Higher Education Expansion and Reform-Changing Educational Inequalities","authors":"Sin Yi Cheung, M. Egerton","doi":"10.1515/9780804768146-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804768146-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309366,"journal":{"name":"Stratification in Higher Education","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123764203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Appendix: Supplemental Tables","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9780804768146-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804768146-019","url":null,"abstract":"The 89 items of the Riverside Situational Q‐sort were averaged within gender for each country, then averaged together to yield 20 country scores per item. These averages were then correlated with country level‐variables including six average value scores (from Hofstede), the Big Five personality traits (from Schmitt et al.), Gross Domestic Product and per‐capita Gross Domestic Product, and national population. For the Big Five analyses, scores for only 16 countries were available. The Tables on the following pages report all RSQ correlates of all of these country‐level variables that were significant at the p < .05 level, along with the results of randomization analyses to estimate whether the number of correlates was greater than would be expected by chance.","PeriodicalId":309366,"journal":{"name":"Stratification in Higher Education","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131465080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHAPTER SIXTEEN Italy: Expansion, Reform, and Social Inequality in Higher Education","authors":"E. Recchi","doi":"10.1515/9780804768146-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804768146-018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309366,"journal":{"name":"Stratification in Higher Education","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127234317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHAPTER THREE Japan: Educational Expansion and Inequality in Access to Higher Education","authors":"H. Ishida","doi":"10.1515/9780804768146-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804768146-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309366,"journal":{"name":"Stratification in Higher Education","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115438003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHAPTER ONE More Inclusion Than Diversion: Expansion, Differentiation, and Market Structure in Higher Education","authors":"Richard Arum","doi":"10.1515/9780804768146-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804768146-003","url":null,"abstract":"The most important question about the expansion of education is whether it reduces inequality through provision of more opportunities for disadvantaged groups or increases it by disproportionately expanding opportunities for those already privileged. This chapter synthesises the findings of a comparative stratification research project across 15 countries. The countries were drawn mainly from Western Europe (France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain), Eastern Europe (Russia, Czech Republic), East Asia (Japan, Korea, Taiwan) and also included Israel, the US and Australia. The main objective was to reveal systematic inequalities in access to higher education, defined as tertiary programs of either academic or occupational orientation, across social strata. Country studies applied a common theoretical and methodological framework able to generate findings comparable across countries. This chapter introduces the main findings of each country-specific analysis and concludes with an outline of the rest of the chapters in the book.","PeriodicalId":309366,"journal":{"name":"Stratification in Higher Education","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121377339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josipa Roksa, Eric Grodsky, Richard Arum, Adam Gamoran
{"title":"CHAPTER SEVEN United States: Changes in Higher Education and Social Stratification","authors":"Josipa Roksa, Eric Grodsky, Richard Arum, Adam Gamoran","doi":"10.1515/9780804768146-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804768146-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309366,"journal":{"name":"Stratification in Higher Education","volume":"69 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120998770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHAPTER FOURTEEN Australia: Changes in Socioeconomic Inequalities in University Participation","authors":"G. Marks, J. McMillan","doi":"10.1515/9780804768146-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804768146-016","url":null,"abstract":"The authors examine whether changes have occurred in socioeconomic inequalities in university education in Australia. The analysis is performed on data from cross-sectional surveys of the adult population and longitudinal data from youth cohorts born between 1961 and the early 1980s. Completion of Year 12, the preparatory year for university study, and university participation are examined. Changes in the higher education system, including reorganisation of institutions into a comprehensive national system, changes in financing, and increasing enrolments are associated with declining class-based inequality in attendance. In particular, the effect of parental occupation on higher education participation has decreased for the latest cohorts. However, despite these changes, socioeconomic inequalities in educational participation are still a problem requiring policy attention.","PeriodicalId":309366,"journal":{"name":"Stratification in Higher Education","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123232983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}