Turkey Diseases, Production and Management最新文献

The use of mixed light-emitting diodes and natural light in combination with daylength affects turkey hen performance, eye development, and feather coverage 使用混合发光二极管和自然光结合白天的长度影响火鸡母鸡的性能，眼睛发育和羽毛覆盖

Turkey Diseases, Production and Management Pub Date : 2021-10-03 DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0023

B. Bartz, J. Grimes

{"title":"The use of mixed light-emitting diodes and natural light in combination with daylength affects turkey hen performance, eye development, and feather coverage","authors":"B. Bartz, J. Grimes","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Lighting is a complex management tool in turkey production, controlled by three parameters; daylength, intensity, and chromaticity. As light-emitting diodes (LED) increase in popularity as alternatives to traditional light sources, research regarding LED impacts on commercial-type turkey production is lacking. Therefore, turkey hens of the same strain were reared under experimental brooding and grow-out conditions with six lighting treatments. An environmentally and light controlled facility (ECF) consisted of 5,000 Kelvin (K) LED or 5,000K + far-red LED (639nm) (RED) with either 12h short or 18h long daylength to test LED spectra. In the remaining treatments, hens were exposed to sunlight in a curtain-sided facility (CSF) as two treatments 1) natural decreasing daylength from September to November (NAT) or 2) natural daylight + 5,000 K LED lighting with an 18h long blocked daylength (BLK). The intensity was 9 footcandles in the ECF and naturally fluctuating in the CSF. Hen's performance was evaluated at 5, 9, and 14 weeks for eye development and feather coverage. Hens brooded and grown-out under NAT light had significantly increased body weight gain compared to BLK hens for the same period. Hens reared with RED LED spectrum had significantly increased eye anterior-posterior distance than birds raised in the NAT treatment. A significant reduction in red heat signature on the breast tissue in the NAT treatment compared to all other 18h treatments indicated improved feather coverage. However, these same results were not observed during serum thyroid hormone analysis. While turkey hens reared under different lighting programs had similar ending performance, lighting parameters significantly affected bird performance during the growing period, bird's eye development, and body feather coverage. Therefore, potential effects on growth patterns and physiology should be considered when choosing a LED lighting program for turkeys","PeriodicalId":308359,"journal":{"name":"Turkey Diseases, Production and Management","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116429218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Considerations in Selecting Turkey Bedding Materials 选择火鸡垫料的注意事项

Turkey Diseases, Production and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.51585/GJVR.2021.3.0017

J. Grimes, M. Sharara, P. Kolar

{"title":"Considerations in Selecting Turkey Bedding Materials","authors":"J. Grimes, M. Sharara, P. Kolar","doi":"10.51585/GJVR.2021.3.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/GJVR.2021.3.0017","url":null,"abstract":"The commercial turkey of today is a descendant of wild, then domesticated, turkeys from North America originating in regions of old Mexico. The modern commercial turkey enjoys a wide range of acceptance in many countries. Turkey production evolved rapidly from 1950 forward with many changes in production and management. It changed from range rearing to mostly total confinement. Rearing birds under increased density in confinement facilities has created both opportunities and challenges. Once confined, organic materials have been used as bedding (also referred to as litter). There have been many materials evaluated and used for bedding. Availability, cost, and bird performance were early key considerations. More recently, bird health and welfare are now important considerations as well. Optimal management programs of the modern turkey reared in confinement can be elusive and difficult to define. However, controlling litter moisture which aids in reducing ammonia and footpad dermatitis should be a key management component of confinement rearing. Therefore, bedding choice and litter management in turkey production require thoughtful consideration and active management.","PeriodicalId":308359,"journal":{"name":"Turkey Diseases, Production and Management","volume":"567 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117057465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Infection with Avian Coronaviruses: A recurring problem in turkeys 禽冠状病毒感染:火鸡中反复出现的问题

Turkey Diseases, Production and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.51585/GJVR.2021.3.0016

Mohamed H Houta, O. O. Awe, Ahmed Ali

{"title":"Infection with Avian Coronaviruses: A recurring problem in turkeys","authors":"Mohamed H Houta, O. O. Awe, Ahmed Ali","doi":"10.51585/GJVR.2021.3.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/GJVR.2021.3.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey coronavirus (TCoV) is a Gammacoronavirus causing acute contagious enteritis in young turkeys, leading to impaired growth, low feed conversion, and increased mortality. The TCoV infections, in association/combination with other enteropathogenic viruses, bacteria & protozoa, are associated with poult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS) in turkeys of 1-4 weeks age. In this review, classification & genotyping of TCoV, the implications of its recombination, and challenges to develop efficient vaccines against it are discussed. Though TCoV is monophyletic with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with a sequence similarity of ≥86, however a classification scheme gathering all avian coronaviruses (ACoVs) is not established. Based on the N gene, ACoVs are classified into five clades. Clades 1 & 2 (chickens), Clade 3 (pigeon) Clade 4 (duck), and Clade 5 (goose). The Spike (S) gene of ACoVs has shown exceptional lability of being easily switched with multiple recombination events suggesting that TCoV may be an IBV recombinant. Recombination events altered the pathogenicity, host specificity, and tissue tropism of TCoVs. Attempts to develop attenuated, inactivated, DNA, and virus-vectored vaccines are ongoing. Experimentally, the attenuated TCoV strains induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses and completely protected against the homologous challenge but not heterologous TCoV challenge. Meanwhile, genetically engineered vaccines, either DNA or virus vectored vaccines, are limited with either late induction of a protective immune response and/or inability of the elicited antibody to neutralize virus infection and protect against virus challenge. Future research should focus on improving vaccine efficiency against TCoVs by developing more immunogenic vaccines, determining the appropriate dosing regimens, and include potent adjuvants.","PeriodicalId":308359,"journal":{"name":"Turkey Diseases, Production and Management","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128661629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Alternative approaches to antimicrobial use in the turkey industry: Challenges and perspectives 火鸡工业中抗菌剂使用的替代方法:挑战和前景

Turkey Diseases, Production and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.51585/GJVR.2021.3.0018

A. A. Gernat, F. B. Santos, J. Grimes

{"title":"Alternative approaches to antimicrobial use in the turkey industry: Challenges and perspectives","authors":"A. A. Gernat, F. B. Santos, J. Grimes","doi":"10.51585/GJVR.2021.3.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/GJVR.2021.3.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry production has experienced a major shift with the prohibition of the use of antimicrobials and antibiotics as growth promoters. The industry in general, and more specifically turkey producers, are facing a changing world in that many consumers have a perception and certain beliefs about food production while the truth maybe something else. Additionally, perception has become a reality when it comes to consumer acceptance, which affects consumer purchasing behavior. In this regard, in many cases and genres, the public perception of antibiotic use in turkey production can be generally negative. The truth that antibiotics and other antimicrobials can be beneficial to both turkeys and consumers is lost. Therefore, turkey producers are accepting the challenge to rear turkey flocks without growth promoting antibiotics or antimicrobials. In some cases and some locales, this has become the law. In other markets, consumer desires and purchasing habits are the driving force for change. Turkey producers are scrutinizing production practices to ascertain and provide the optimal environment for turkey production. In addition, alternatives to antibiotics are being developed, tested, evaluated, and used for turkey production in increasing frequency. These include, but not limited to, probiotics (direct-fed microbials), prebiotics, organic acids, essential oils, spices, and plant and yeast extracts. Researchers are joining forces with turkey producers to develop use plans for these feed additives that, in most cases, are not the same as for antibiotic administration. Turkey producers have become proactive in developing these plans and are preparing to provide exceptional quality products that will meet consumer acceptance. However, more research focusing specifically on turkeys is certainly needed so that these alternative approaches can be optimized to meet the turkey production necessities.","PeriodicalId":308359,"journal":{"name":"Turkey Diseases, Production and Management","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114890040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

History and current status of Marek's disease in turkeys 火鸡马立克氏病的历史和现状

Turkey Diseases, Production and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0013

A. Shehata, D. Lüschow, Hafez M. Hafez

引用次数: 4

Developing probiotics, prebiotics, and organic acids to control Salmonella spp. in commercial turkeys at the University of Arkansas, USA 在美国阿肯色大学开发益生菌、益生元和有机酸来控制商品火鸡中的沙门氏菌

Turkey Diseases, Production and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0014

G. Téllez-Isaías, C. Vuong, B. Graham, C. Selby, L. Graham, R. Señas-Cuesta, T. L. Barros, L. Beer, M. Coles, A. Forga, Jared Ruff, X. Hernández-Velasco, B. Hargis

引用次数: 21

A case study of histomoniasis in fattening turkeys identified in histopathological investigations 在组织病理学调查中发现的育肥火鸡的组织癣病例研究

Turkey Diseases, Production and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0015

A. Abd El-Wahab, C. Visscher, W. Haider, R. Dimitri

{"title":"A case study of histomoniasis in fattening turkeys identified in histopathological investigations","authors":"A. Abd El-Wahab, C. Visscher, W. Haider, R. Dimitri","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Histomoniasis is a parasitic disease of poultry with worldwide prevalence, having significant negative impacts on infected turkey health and welfare. A total of 53,000 male fattening turkeys (British United Turkeys, BUT6) of 140-day-old were admitted to the slaughterhouse in central Ukraine. No clinical signs were reported in the turkeys during the production cycle. Slaughtering of the turkeys revealed enlargement of the livers, most of which had a greenish color with alterations in the hepatic tissues (fibrosis). No other gross lesions were noted in other organs of the slaughtered birds. Fresh liver tissues were submitted to the laboratory to measure the concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc to detect possible intoxication and/or differential diagnosis. The concentrations of measured heavy metals in the affected liver tissues were within the recommended normal ranges. Histological examination revealed microscopically proliferative changes in liver sections in different turkeys. Suspected tissue sections were stained with Periodic Acid Schiff and found positive for Histomonas meleagridis trophozoites. Overall, macroscopical or microscopical examinations of turkey livers are essential to confirm infection with histomonads, even if the clinical signs are unapparent. As outbreaks of histomoniasis in turkey focks are increasing approaches to prevent and treat histomoniasis are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":308359,"journal":{"name":"Turkey Diseases, Production and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122037484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Hepatic lipidosis in fattening turkeys: A review 育肥火鸡肝脂质病的研究进展

Turkey Diseases, Production and Management Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0022

A. A. El-Wahab, Bussarakam Chuppava, D. Radko, C. Visscher

{"title":"Hepatic lipidosis in fattening turkeys: A review","authors":"A. A. El-Wahab, Bussarakam Chuppava, D. Radko, C. Visscher","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2021.3.0022","url":null,"abstract":"The conditions on turkey fattening farms, including management, housing, and feeding, have been constantly improved recently in favour of animal health. Many studies deal scientifically with poultry health. However, specifically concerning liver health, there are still open questions regarding the influence of dietary factors on the metabolism and function of the liver. Consideration of the factors that could influence and alter liver metabolism is therefore of critical relevance. The liver, as a major metabolic organ, is the main site of fat synthesis in turkeys. Under certain conditions, fat can excessively accumulate in the liver and adversely affect the birds’ health. The so-called hepatic lipidosis (HL) in fattening turkeys has been known for years. This disease has unacceptable economic and animal welfare impacts, with high animal losses up to 15% within only a few days. To date, little is known about the causes and the metabolic changes in fattening turkeys leading to HL despite the increasing focus on health management and animal welfare. To understand what is different in turkeys compared to other species, it is necessary to discuss the metabolism of the liver in more detail, including HL-associated gross and microscopic lesions. In the current review, aspects of liver structure and lipid metabolism with special regard to lipogenesis are explained to discuss all dietary factors attributing to the development and prevention of HL. As part of the prevention of the HL, dietetics measures can be helpful in the future.","PeriodicalId":308359,"journal":{"name":"Turkey Diseases, Production and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129230624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0