EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic)最新文献

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The Gompertz - Makeham Coupling as a Dynamic Life Table 动态生命表中的Gompertz - Makeham耦合
EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-01-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1739205
Abraham Zaks
{"title":"The Gompertz - Makeham Coupling as a Dynamic Life Table","authors":"Abraham Zaks","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1739205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1739205","url":null,"abstract":"A very famous law of mortality was introduced by Gompertz in 1825 in [G] . In 1860 Makeham introduced in [M] a modification to obtain another law of mortality. Both these laws assume that the population under consideration is stable. The two laws differ by a constant term in the force of mortality. The updated approach to the study of population presume that mortality changes over time. The difference stems from observing that the expectancy of life changes over the years. There were made various attempts to introduce dynamic life tables, and the Lee-Carter model has this advantage. The Lee-Carter model in [LC] describes better the mortality under changes over time as was shown recently by ([M ) . We intend to study the difference arising from a fixed change in the force of mortality and the Gompertz and Makeham cases may serve to demonstrate such a change. The difference in the expectancy of life in both cases affects directly the corresponding life tables, and consequently the annuities (for life, term annuitie and deferred ), as well as the assurances (whole life, term and endowment) , and the premiums and reserves in the various cases. The changes in a stable life table model may serve to evaluate the changes that arise in terms of a sensitive analysis of various assurance plans. Consequently there results a tool to cope with evaluating the effect of change in the force of mortality.","PeriodicalId":307788,"journal":{"name":"EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic)","volume":"112 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131914371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pricing Risk in Corporate Pension Plans: Understanding the Real Pension Deal 企业养老金计划的定价风险:了解真正的养老金交易
EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-02-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1341576
R. Hoevenaars, Theo P. Kocken, Eduard H. M. Ponds
{"title":"Pricing Risk in Corporate Pension Plans: Understanding the Real Pension Deal","authors":"R. Hoevenaars, Theo P. Kocken, Eduard H. M. Ponds","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1341576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1341576","url":null,"abstract":"New accounting rules and increased scarcity of risk capital have led to growing pressure on corporations to shift pension plan risk from employers to participants. This implies a shift from Defined Benefit (DB) plans to a variety of collective and individual Defined Contributions (DC) plans. Most of these shifts have been ad-hoc and not based on clear and objective criteria. This article shows how negotiations could be clarified by using modern option pricing and financing techniques. Both the value of the guarantees regarding accrued pension rights, as well as future rights to be accrued, can be objectively determined. For example, the authors show that a shift from a typical DB to a collective DC plan should cost the employer a lump sum payment of twelve percent of the accrued pension obligations and an increase in the contribution rate at four percent of pay.","PeriodicalId":307788,"journal":{"name":"EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127096257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
A Lifecycle Analysis of Defined Benefit Pension Plans 固定收益养老金计划的生命周期分析
EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic) Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1091483
David Mccarthy
{"title":"A Lifecycle Analysis of Defined Benefit Pension Plans","authors":"David Mccarthy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1091483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1091483","url":null,"abstract":"This paper employs a lifecycle model from the consumption-savings literature to examine the tradeoffs between defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans. We examine the effects of varying risk aversion, varying initial income and financial wealth, and varying wage processes (that may be correlated with returns on the risky asset). Results indicate that wage-indexed claims are not an optimal vehicle for retirement policy if the decision to participate is made early in life, because individuals hold most of their wealth in their human capital and would not wish to increase their exposure to income shocks. Later in life, after most of a worker’s human capital has been converted to financial assets, defined benefit pension plans help increase diversification by reducing exposure to financial market risk. The access that defined benefit plans provide to annuities markets and possible guaranteed rates of return over the risk-free rate increase the value of defined benefit plans to workers. The model also predicts that wage-indexed claims will be more valuable when equity markets provide low expected returns or are highly variable and when annuity markets are inefficient. The model illustrates two economic functions performed by defined benefit plans. Firstly, DB plans pool individual wage risks. This allows older workers to buy a wagelinked security that increases their exposure to wage risks. Secondly, they create a group annuities market that reduces the cost of adverse selection.","PeriodicalId":307788,"journal":{"name":"EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic)","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115839971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Pension Developments and Reforms in Transition Economies 转型经济体的养恤金发展和改革
EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic) Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.5089/9781451922912.001.A001
M. Cangiano, C. Cottarelli, Luis M. Cubeddu
{"title":"Pension Developments and Reforms in Transition Economies","authors":"M. Cangiano, C. Cottarelli, Luis M. Cubeddu","doi":"10.5089/9781451922912.001.A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451922912.001.A001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews developments in pension systems in 11 transition economies during the 1990s, highlighting the forces behind their rapid weakening. It focuses on the challenges these systems face\u0014including those arising from demographic factors\u0014and discusses why most transition countries are considering shifting, or have already shifted, from traditional defined-benefit pay-as-you-go systems to defined-contribution fully funded systems. Finally, the paper looks at the main options that arise in introducing fully funded components, including the relative mix between funding and pay-as-you-go, and the speed of the transition toward the new system.","PeriodicalId":307788,"journal":{"name":"EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131928057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 50
Resurrecting the Defined Benefit Pension Plan: A New Perspective 固定收益养老金计划的复兴:一个新的视角
EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic) Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.830047
D. Fore, P. Hammond
{"title":"Resurrecting the Defined Benefit Pension Plan: A New Perspective","authors":"D. Fore, P. Hammond","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.830047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.830047","url":null,"abstract":"Under the traditional approach to defined benefit plans, well-intended disciplinary and regulatory regimes have sought to restrict discretion, reduce uncertainty and risk, and protect workers and employers. Nevertheless the discouraging state of US defined benefit plans indicates that past efforts have gone awry. This chapter suggests that a new approach to defined benefit plans could resurrect the key elements required for retirement income security, rather than pursuing piecemeal reform.","PeriodicalId":307788,"journal":{"name":"EP: Pension Type (Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution) (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132718971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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