{"title":"Breathless Beasts and Stuffed Savages","authors":"A. Clements","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter takes the reader deep into the nineteenth-century afterlife of the Classical construction of nature, the wild, and the primitive and civilized, foundational to Victorian ideas of progress and to the nascent sciences that claimed the study of humanity as their own. It shows how the Natural History Courts of London’s Crystal Palace presented the marvels of ethnology and natural history, and how these displays were received in the context of nineteenth-century social evolutionist thought, which was itself built upon Classical foundations such as the account of primitive man in Lucretius’ De rerum natura. Against the Courts’ taxidermic dioramas of ‘savage life’, the ethnological casts displayed to the Victorian public prompted comparative questions about the evolutionary status of the non-European Other, while the ‘primitive’ nakedness of the casts created further parallels with the idealized nudity of Greek and Roman sculpture casts, engendering destabilizing dissonance with the connotations of civilization inscribed in the Classical ideal.","PeriodicalId":306706,"journal":{"name":"Humans, among Other Classical Animals","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122339084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analogous Apes","authors":"A. Clements","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"From the dissection table of a London physician to the tropical forests of Borneo and Sumatra, this chapter places the reader amidst the bestiary of Classical animals populating seventeenth-century scientific responses to the problem of the anthropoid ape. The anatomical puzzle of a strangely man-like creature recently arrived to British shores from the Congo inadvertently reveals the influence of Classical figurations in early-modern European conceptions of the human and animal. Guided by ‘indigenous’ idioms and simian similitude, a perplexed comparative anatomist resorts to Classical philology and the authority of Homer to posit a new non-human anthropoid species also known to the ancients.","PeriodicalId":306706,"journal":{"name":"Humans, among Other Classical Animals","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126034305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Organic Societies to Unnatural Lives","authors":"A. Clements","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores a ‘moment’ in which the peoples of the West have been suspended for a hundred years and more. In tracing the story of the study of human sociality in modern anthropology and its critical deconstruction, it demonstrates the enduring legacy of Classical ideas and their insidious effects in shaping anthropological approaches to the human and in supplying the axiom of Western scientific constructions of humanity and the world. The story of anthropology’s growth to full self-awareness, it argues, is also the story of its recognition of the contingency of several key Classical conceptions that presently guide Western thinking about humans, other animals, and the world.","PeriodicalId":306706,"journal":{"name":"Humans, among Other Classical Animals","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127332103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"A. Clements","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This turning back to how we might fit together with others in a shared world—how we should respond to and ‘correspond’ with, as Ingold puts it, other living things—itself differently recapitulates the Heraclitean principle—palintropos harmoniē (‘a backward-turning fitting together’)—that is writ large in twenty-first-century anthropology’s adoption of the language of ‘turns’ to describe its own developing thought....","PeriodicalId":306706,"journal":{"name":"Humans, among Other Classical Animals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129937574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Horsing around the Americas","authors":"A. Clements","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856098.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the programmatic role of Classical conceptions in the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century European assimilation of the Americas. A passing detail in a foundational text of anthropological criticism, Michel de Montaigne’s satirical Essay Of Cannibals, prompts us to re-examine the conquest idea of the New World centaur invoked by European writers to explain indigenous American responses to their first encounters with mounted Europeans. Written into the story of early conquistador rationalizations of the New World ‘Indians’, as Montaigne well knew and contemporary indigenous American voices confirm, is a lesson about cross-cultural (mis)understanding and the dangers of fallaciously generalizing from the particular.","PeriodicalId":306706,"journal":{"name":"Humans, among Other Classical Animals","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126411293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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