Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development最新文献

Ecotoxicological Tests as a Tool to Assess the Quality of the Soil 生态毒理学试验作为评估土壤质量的工具

Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2019-02-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82192

B. Clasen, Roberta de Moura Lisbôa

引用次数: 7

Management of Paddy Soil towards Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sustainable Rice Production in the Changing Climatic Conditions 气候变化条件下稻田土壤管理实现温室气体低排放和水稻可持续生产

Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2019-01-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83548

M. Ali, K. Inubushi, P. Kim, SitaraAmin

{"title":"Management of Paddy Soil towards Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sustainable Rice Production in the Changing Climatic Conditions","authors":"M. Ali, K. Inubushi, P. Kim, SitaraAmin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83548","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a vital environmental issue for the twenty-first century, which may sig - nificantly affect rice productivity and accelerate greenhouse gas emissions from paddy ecosystem, which is of great environmental concern which is of great environmental concern. Methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are the most important greenhouse gases due to their radiative effects as well as global warming potentials (GWPs). CH 4 and N 2 O gases are simultaneously emitted from rice fields to the atmosphere due to their favorable production, consumption, and transport systems. The intensive rice farming system has been creating excessive pressure on rice fields to produce more rice for the expanding world population, thereby deteriorating soil fertility status and rice paddy ecosystem balance by stimulating more CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O fluxes to the atmosphere. The extreme climatic variables such as high light intensity, high water vapor or relative humidity, high temperature, and drought stress may badly suppress beneficial microbial activity, soil nutrients, and water availabil - ity to rice plant; eventually, rice yield may be decreased drastically, and simultaneously, greenhouse gas emissions could be increased significantly. In this situation, conservation tillage, water saving irrigation technique such as alternate wetting and drying, soil amend ments with biochar, vermicompost, azolla-cyanobacterial mixture, recommended silicate slag, and phospho-gypsum with minimum NPKSZn fertilizer (IPNS) should be introduced to the field level farmers for sustainable rice production and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":306242,"journal":{"name":"Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122596485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Introductory Chapter: Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development 导论章:土壤污染和可持续发展的替代方案

Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2019-01-21 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83720

D. Vázquez-Luna, M. C. Cuevas-Díaz

引用次数: 3

Mitigation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions during Nitrification and Denitrification Processes in Agricultural Soils Using Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers 使用高效肥料减缓农业土壤硝化和反硝化过程中氧化亚氮的排放

Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81548

Y. Uchida, Isabell von Rein

{"title":"Mitigation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions during Nitrification and Denitrification Processes in Agricultural Soils Using Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers","authors":"Y. Uchida, Isabell von Rein","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81548","url":null,"abstract":"Through the increasing use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers due to an increasing food demand, the agricultural sector is the main contributor of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions, mainly through microbial processes called nitrification and denitrification. One option to mitigate N 2 O, a major greenhouse gas, is to use enhanced efficiency fertil izers (EEFs). There are different types of EEFs like nitrification inhibitors or controlled- release fertilizers that aim to match the N release from fertilizers with N demands from plants. Parts of the chapter are also dedicated to organic amendments and their effects on N 2 O emissions. Overall, EEFs can improve the N-use efficiency of plants, which has two positive effects. First, farmers can increase their yields, and second, environmental pollution through excessive fertilizer N can be minimized. However, the effectiveness of EEFs strongly depends on numerous factors like land use type, application method, and climate. More studies are needed to establish individual fertilizer plans that are optimized for the prevalent conditions. In conclusion, N 2 O mitigation using EEFs is only advisable when “initial” N 2 O emissions from conventional fertilizers are criti - cally contributing to annual N 2 O emissions. Thus, careful assessment is needed before EEFs are introduced to the system especially when economic and ecologic results are considered.","PeriodicalId":306242,"journal":{"name":"Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121749959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Evaluation of the Biological Activity of Soil in a Gradient Concentration of Arsenic and Lead in Villa de la Paz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico 墨西哥圣路易波托西维拉德拉巴斯砷铅梯度浓度下土壤生物活性评价

Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80031

D. González-Mille, G. Espinosa-Reyes, M. C. Cuevas-Díaz, Á. Martínez-Toledo, Leticia Carrizalez Yáñez, M. E. García-Arreola, C. Ilizaliturri-Hernández

{"title":"Evaluation of the Biological Activity of Soil in a Gradient Concentration of Arsenic and Lead in Villa de la Paz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico","authors":"D. González-Mille, G. Espinosa-Reyes, M. C. Cuevas-Díaz, Á. Martínez-Toledo, Leticia Carrizalez Yáñez, M. E. García-Arreola, C. Ilizaliturri-Hernández","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80031","url":null,"abstract":"The mining industry has generated different sources of pollution and effects in human and ecosystem health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect in gradient of the biological activity of the soil derived from the contamination by lead and arsenic. A linear transect was conducted from the tailings in Villa de la Paz to a reference site 10 km away against wind direction and runoff. The parameters that were analyzed in the soil samples included As, Pb, pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity, soil respiration, and soil enzymes. As concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 463.2 mg/kg, while those of lead ranged from 171.7 to 2319.0 mg/kg. The changes in the physicochemical parameters and in the biological activity of the soil were stronger within the first 100 m of distance from the tailings. The pattern of inhibition of biological activity was: urease>βglucosidase>arylsulfatase> dehydrogenase>phosphatase>respiration. Strong negative relationships were observed among biological activities and arsenic (from 86.5 to 96%). Metals and covariables jointly explain the 89.2% of variability of the effect in the biological activities. This study provides a field baseline that could be part of a long-term monitoring and remediation program.","PeriodicalId":306242,"journal":{"name":"Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116208079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Biopesticide of Neem Obtained by Enzyme-Assisted Extraction: An Alternative to Improve the Pest Control 酶辅助提取印楝生物农药:一种改善害虫防治的新方法

Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80028

Argel Flores Primo, V. Pardío, K. López, Dora L. Pinzón, María D. Marriezcurrena, A. Aguilar, E. Chávez, Sóstenes R. Rodríguez

{"title":"Biopesticide of Neem Obtained by Enzyme-Assisted Extraction: An Alternative to Improve the Pest Control","authors":"Argel Flores Primo, V. Pardío, K. López, Dora L. Pinzón, María D. Marriezcurrena, A. Aguilar, E. Chávez, Sóstenes R. Rodríguez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80028","url":null,"abstract":"The indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases without technical assistance instead of solving the pest problems has caused environmental damage, agriculture productivity, and human health. Pesticides can remain for several years in the soil, being able to contaminate rivers and lagoons, animals of shepherding and foods. Besides, in recent years, pests have shown an alarmingly resistance over several pesticides. This makes necessary the use of other natural sources of pesticides that could be degraded avoiding the resistance problem. One of the main sources analyzed is the neem (Azadirachta indica) due to its complex content of bioactive triterpenoids. However, cellulosic structures of cell wall conditioned the extraction of these components, acting as physical barrier and avoiding its complete extraction. This chapter included a review of the consequences of the use of chemical pesticides to control pests spread in plant and animals and its repercussions on the environment. Moreover, the advantages of the use of food-grade enzyme preparations as an alternative to elaborate an extract of neem without organic solvents are exposed. The results are promissory and could improve the acaricide and repellent effects of the neem extracts over pests, reducing the negative effect caused by chemical pesticides.","PeriodicalId":306242,"journal":{"name":"Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114512324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1