{"title":"Externalisation within the migration policy of the European Union","authors":"Márton Balogh","doi":"10.15170/pjiel.2025.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/pjiel.2025.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The externalisation of the migration policy within the European Union is a new approach of blocking migrants from the possibility of activating the safeguards of the European human rights. Despite having several case studies and mal-practices of the externalisation globally (e.g. the practice of the USA or Australia), the EU is uncovering its own approach – with its own flaws. This article offers to present the existing externalisation agreements between the EU and its partner countries, shows improper procedures and gives recommendations in order to be more humane towards persons arriving to Europe. The methodology of the paper is to analyse the text of the partnerships, then analyse their execution. Problematic practices and procedures are highlighted. In the recommendationspart, the author attempts to give solutions to these issues.","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"1 II","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://journals.lib.pte.hu/index.php/pjiel/article/download/8909/8255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kashmir’s Erasure from International Law","authors":"Rishabh Bajoria","doi":"10.1163/15718050-bja10134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718050-bja10134","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract From East Timor to Palestine, political erasures flowing from the legal concepts of self-determination and permanent (state) sovereignty over natural resources remain enduring sites of struggle. This article traces how international law produced such an erasure in Kashmir through a pre-history of the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty. David Lilienthal, famous as the architect of the Tennessee Valley Authority, argued that harnessing the Indus waters for India and Pakistan’s postcolonial development required setting aside Kashmiri demands for self-determination. International law had to transform the waters into common property owned by India and Pakistan and protect their economic value from popular politics. Adjudication of the water dispute was dismissed because a public legal argumentative battle would inflame controversy. Instead, disputes needed to be solved by international law. This pre-history of the Treaty cuts against celebratory narratives of the water-sharing arrangement by showing what lies beneath the surface of a seemingly successful treaty regime.","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"27 3","pages":"356-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Credibility Analysis of the Instagram Account @girlsbeyond.Id Through Uses and Gratifications Theory","authors":"Nuriyati Samatan, Ariandi Putra, Yuri Alfrin Aladdin, Radhita Awlia Putri Rochady","doi":"10.38035/gijlss.v3i2.504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v3i2.504","url":null,"abstract":"Research Objectives: This study aims to measure Media Effectiveness as variable X1; Instagram Account Credibility as variable X2, and Information Needs Fulfillment as variable Y. The theory used in this study is Uses and Gratification, based on the following assumptions: (1) The audience is active; (2) Media competes with other media to provide satisfaction to the audience; (3) awareness of the need for media; (4) People have sufficient self-awareness of their media usage, interests, and audience motives; (5) media content can only be evaluated by the public. The method used is quantitative. The population in this study is the Instagram followers of @girlsbeyond.id. Sample selection uses non-probability sampling with the purposive sampling type. The sample size was determined using the Slovin's formula, with a margin of error of 0.5% and a total of 399 respondents. The results of this study show an R-squared value of 0.620, which means that variables X1 and X2 together influence variable Y by 62%. This indicates that 62% of information needs are influenced by media effectiveness and account credibility. The remaining 38% is influenced by other variables not included in this study. Therefore, H03 is rejected and Ha3 is accepted, because there is a relationship between media effectiveness and account credibility on the fulfillment of followers' information needs.","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"3 2","pages":"676-693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://research.e-greenation.org/GIJLSS/article/download/504/450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147916931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring the Presence of TVRI Through the Instagram Account @TVRINASIONAL","authors":"Nuriyati Samatan, Irfan Fauzi, Yuri Alfrin Aladdin, Sabrina Rasha Rabbani","doi":"10.38035/gijlss.v3i1.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v3i1.381","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to measure the influence of Media (Variable X1) and Information Quality (Variable X2) on the Fulfillment of Followers' Information (Variable Y) on the Instagram account @tvrinasional. The method in this research uses a quantitative method with a Positivistic paradigm. The research will take place throughout the year 2024. The research object is the Instagram account @tvrinasional, with a population of 308,000 followers. The type of sample is probability sampling, with sample collection conducted using simple random sampling; the sample size was determined using the Slovin's formula with a margin of error of 0.5%, resulting in a sample of 400 respondents. The findings of this study indicate the influence of variables such as media exposure and information variables on the fulfillment of information needs among followers of the Instagram account @tvrinasional. This occurs because the t-test results show that the t-value for the media exposure variable is 8.108 > the t-table value of 1.966, and the t-value of 9.919 obtained from the information quality variable > the t-table value of 1.966.","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"3 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://research.e-greenation.org/GIJLSS/article/download/381/327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Human Rights Law and Communication Strategies","authors":"Maria Edet Umo","doi":"10.59298/nijlcl/2025/5.1.2226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/nijlcl/2025/5.1.2226","url":null,"abstract":"International Human Rights Law (IHRL) serves as a crucial framework for safeguarding fundamental human rights worldwide. However, its effectiveness is deeply influenced by communication strategies that promote awareness, advocacy, and policy implementation. This paper examines the relationship between IHRL and communication strategies, highlighting the role of media, digital platforms, and advocacy techniques in advancing human rights. It examines challenges such as misinformation, censorship, and state control over media, as well as the opportunities presented by technological advancements and grassroots activism. Through case studies, the paper demonstrates how effective communication can mobilize public opinion and influence policy, ensuring that human rights advocacy remains resilient and adaptive in an evolving global landscape. Keywords: International Human Rights Law, Communication Strategies, Human Rights Advocacy, Media Influence, Digital Activism, Misinformation.","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"5 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147896479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Legal Chefs’ Appetizing Taglines to Engage Consumers in the Age of Social Media: The Struggle Against Trademark Genericide","authors":"Emily Anne McDonald","doi":"10.54119/jflp.hend7434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jflp.hend7434","url":null,"abstract":"Many have heard the phrases “raisin bran,” “escalator,” “nylon,” and “aspirin,” all of which are “old” trademarks that have undergone genericide. Genericide occurs when a trademark has become common from the customer’s perspective concerning specific goods or services rather than associated with the source, which is usually the company that registered the trademark. In short, businesses are no longer able to use the trademark exclusively. Another common trademark phrase that became generic was “Taco Tuesday.” In light of the prolific use of social media today, recent data and statistics show that “food” has become a predominant category and trend on social networking sites. Moreover, social media is impacting users' lifestyles and brain anatomy and physiology. Studies are revealing that brain scans of heavy social media users are similar to the brain scans of gamblers and drug-addicted individuals. Additionally, businesses are facing difficulties in maximizing the marketing potential of their well-crated trademarks while fighting to maintain distinctiveness in the slipstream of social media. Thus, businesses must proactively regulate and protect their trademarks, despite the current difficulties existing on social networking sites.","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147895751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Russian Black Sea Trade in the Early 19th Century","authors":"E. P. Kudryavtseva","doi":"10.24833/rjwpln-2023-4-36-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/rjwpln-2023-4-36-56","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the development of trade in Crimea and Novorossiya following their incorporation into Russia. In the early 19th century, the grain trade in these new regions had yet to gain momentum due to their limited development. However, the ports of Feodosia, Taganrog, and Odessa regularly received ships from Constantinople and the Greek islands, while the port of Sevastopol primarily served military purposes. In 1821, under the decree of Alexander I, a port was established in Kerch to serve as an outpost at the entrance to the Sea of Azov and establish trade ties with the mountain peoples along the Caucasus coast of the Black Sea. To this end, the Russian government established a Circassian and Abaza Trade Administration to manage merchant shipping to the Caucasus coast and oversee trading at barter markets in Kerch and Bugaz. Relations with the highland communities proved difficult, as they frequently captured Russian ship crews and demanded ransoms. Even after the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829, when these territories became part of the Russian Empire, the local populations resisted submission to the new government, just as they had previously resisted the authority of the Turkish Sultan.","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"2 4","pages":"36-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://polities.mgimo.ru/jour/article/download/45/42","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishment of Land Court in Indonesia: an effort to realise justice based on Pancasila","authors":"M. Yazid Fathoni, Acacio Fernandez Vasalo","doi":"10.62264/jlej.v1i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62264/jlej.v1i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of land problems is currently less able to be resolved by the general court so the handling of many land cases is incomplete. Otherwise, the land issues are not only related to private issues but are public and administrative. It is not surprising then that sometimes several court decisions can be attached to one land object, both from the ownership issued by the District Court and the Religious Court and from the administrative concerning the issuance of a certificate of title to the land by the State Administrative Court. This often provides a long time process and uncertain land ownership. This condition increasingly distances the parties from achieving a simple, fast, low-cost justice system and far from a settlement model based on the principles of Pancasila. This article will examine the urgency of establishing a land court to create a simple, fast, and low-cost land court, and a land dispute resolution model under the Pancasila values.","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"1 2","pages":"86-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://journal.iueam.org/index.php/JLEJ/article/download/6/22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Responsible Mining Key Principles for Industry Integrity","authors":"Willemien Du Plessis","doi":"10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a1682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a1682","url":null,"abstract":"This is a book review of S Bice Responsible Mining Key Principles for Industry Integrity (Routledge Earthscan London 2016)
 
","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/per/article/download/1682/2691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Talmon, Dr Stefan, MA, LLM, DPhil","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/1570-6664_wwpil_wwpil_sim_person_50406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1570-6664_wwpil_wwpil_sim_person_50406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30061,"journal":{"name":"Gottingen Journal of International Law","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147895148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}