{"title":"Age-Based Self-Interest, Intergenerational Solidarity and the Welfare State: A Comparative Analysis of Older People’s Attitudes Towards Public Childcare in 12 OECD Countries","authors":"Achim Goerres, M. Tepe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1262232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1262232","url":null,"abstract":"When faced with the necessity of reforming welfare states in ageing societies, politicians tend to demand more solidarity between generations because they assume that reforms require sacrifices from older people. Political economy models, however, do not investigate such a mechanism of intergenerational solidarity, suggesting that only age-based self-interest motivates welfare preferences. Against this backdrop, this article asks: Does the experience of intergenerational solidarity within the family matter for older people’s attitudes towards public childcare, a policy area of no personal interest to them? The statistical analysis of a sample with individuals aged 55 from 12 OECD countries indicates that (1) intergenerational solidarity matters, that (2) its effect on policy preferences is context-dependent and that (3) influential contexts must – according to the evidence from 12 countries - be sought in all societal spheres, the political (family spending by the state), the economic (female labour market integration) and the cultural (public opinion towards working mothers). Overall, the findings imply that policy-makers need to deal with a way more complex picture of preference formation toward the welfare state than popular stereotypes of “greedy geezers” suggest.","PeriodicalId":292037,"journal":{"name":"LC: International Comparisons (Topic)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114826905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rural People's Perception of Poverty in China","authors":"B. Gustafsson, Ximing Yue","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.955278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.955278","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective Poverty Line methodology is applied to rural China 2002 using a sample from 22 provinces. Respondents were asked two questions: one on amount of food necessary and another on amount of cash necessary for their households. The respondent’s perception of how much cash is needed varies profoundly and positively by income in the county where the respondent lives. The findings provide an argument for increasing the official poverty line for China as average household income increases. Poverty in rural China is disproportionally concentrated to the western regions and to poor counties. Most of rural China’s poverty can be attributed to households living outside classified poor areas. People living in a household with many members, those with a household head with a short education, and children face higher poverty risks than other persons.","PeriodicalId":292037,"journal":{"name":"LC: International Comparisons (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131396558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inequality of Learning in Industrialised Countries","authors":"J. Micklewright, Sylke V Schnepf","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.956383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.956383","url":null,"abstract":"Within-country differences in educational outcomes are compared for a large group of industrialised countries. We investigate where inequality is greatest, the association between inequality in learning and average levels of learning, the interpretation of measured levels of inequality, and differences in inequality at the top and bottom of the national distributions. Our analysis is based on test score data for 21 countries present in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS). The use of three different surveys avoids reliance on a single source.","PeriodicalId":292037,"journal":{"name":"LC: International Comparisons (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124478603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution or Revolution? Disparities in Earnings and Household Income in the Czech Republic 1988-2002","authors":"J. Večerník","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.943617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.943617","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws on income surveys covering the period 1988-2002 to illustrate the changes in inequality of earnings and household incomes, the main factors behind their disparities, and the connections between these two distributions. The first part suggests a systemic change occurred, leading from the application of the \"need principle\" to the assertion of the \"market principle\". In the second part, the changing importance of individual factors of earnings in favour of education and occupation is demonstrated. In the third part, the intermediating factors between earnings and household are presented and income packaging is analyzed. More income is collected from the labour market and more of it is redistributed by the state. A systemic change occurred on one principal axis - the much greater role of education in the entire process.","PeriodicalId":292037,"journal":{"name":"LC: International Comparisons (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121758491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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