Surviving SouthamptonPub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0007
V. Holden
{"title":"Surviving Southampton","authors":"V. Holden","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the court records produced by white officials after the Southampton Rebellion to excavate Black people’s resistive strategies post-rebellion. The trials of suspected rebels resulted in public executions and the removal of some enslaved men out of the state. But the record also offers a view of how African Americans—free and enslaved, adults and children—built evasive and resistive strategies even as whites wielded very real power over their lives in the courtroom, the grounds around the courthouse, and the broader county. This localized legal context in Jerusalem (now Courtland), the country seat, was one imbued with community relationships. There, at the center of civic and public life, whites built a condensed geography of surveillance and control: a geography of incarceration and punishment. At the same time, African Americans mapped new geographies of evasion and resistance. The court records offer one way to trace resistive strategies built by African Americans amid mounting oppression, violence, and loss.","PeriodicalId":290310,"journal":{"name":"Surviving Southampton","volume":"43 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133880569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surviving SouthamptonPub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0004
V. Holden
{"title":"Enslaved Women and Strategies of Evasion and Resistance","authors":"V. Holden","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Featuring the close study of one farm, the Francis farm, along the rebellion’s route and the enslaved women who lived there, this chapter illustrates how enslaved women’s labor afforded them greater mobility within the bounds of farms and plantations. The chapter explores enslaved women’s important role in building and defining geographies of evasion and resistance for their community. Their daily movements mapped a resistive geography of evasion, resistance, and survival onto the spaces that whites meant to be sites of surveillance and control. During the rebellion, enslaved women passed information, provided food and sustenance, and were present during the violent murder of whites. Some chose to act in ways that whites would later read as rebellious, while others would remain circumspect. The women’s lives and experiences provide an alternate narrative of the Southampton Rebellion.","PeriodicalId":290310,"journal":{"name":"Surviving Southampton","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127996585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surviving SouthamptonPub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0001
V. Holden
{"title":"Prologue","authors":"V. Holden","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer of 1937, in his interview with Susie R. C. Byrd, a worker with the Works Progress Administration (WPA), Allen Crawford stated, “I was bred and born and reared within three miles of Nat Turner’s insurrection—Travis Place.”1 The interview documents Crawford’s recollections of the stories he’d heard growing up in Southampton County about the Southampton Rebellion. Workers asked all participants in Virginia’s WPA interviews about slave rebellions as a part of their official questions and were met with varying responses from interviewees....","PeriodicalId":290310,"journal":{"name":"Surviving Southampton","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116635014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surviving SouthamptonPub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0006
V. Holden
{"title":"Generation, Resistance, and Survival","authors":"V. Holden","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Free and enslaved Black children and youth were a significant part of their community’s strategies for resistance and survival. Black children and youth, both free and enslaved, appear throughout the official record of the Southampton Rebellion. Their mobility in and around Southampton figured in the rebels’ strategy and recruitment practices. This chapter looks closely at the lives of five such children, four who were enslaved and one who was free, who appeared in court proceedings and were tried and convicted of participating in the rebellion. Adults intended to impart strategies of survival to future generations. The generational position of Black children as the Black community of the future was culturally significant and a pointed concern for African American adults, whose strategies for resistance and survival necessarily accounted for Black children. Recognizing the place of youth and children in community resistance provides a much richer picture of the rebellion as both gendered and generational.","PeriodicalId":290310,"journal":{"name":"Surviving Southampton","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114625920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surviving SouthamptonPub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0003
V. Holden
{"title":"Geographies of Surveillance and Control","authors":"V. Holden","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the systems enslavers, landowners, and officials used throughout Virginia’s history to attempt to control and surveil free and enslaved African Americans’ mobility. Enslavers’ geographies of surveillance and control were present on individual landholdings, in the neighborhood where the Southampton Rebellion took place, and throughout Virginia. White enslavers did their best to extract labor from African Americans and to police their movement using slave patrols outside of working hours. They designed legal codes to bolster the power enslavers had over enslaved people’s lives. Enslaved people developed resistive strategies to evade and thwart white efforts to control them. Understanding the long history of surveillance allows for a deeper understanding of the history of African American evasion, resistance, and survival in Southampton County.","PeriodicalId":290310,"journal":{"name":"Surviving Southampton","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133864123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surviving SouthamptonPub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0005
V. Holden
{"title":"Free Issues","authors":"V. Holden","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the free Black population of Southampton County, which made up around 20 percent of the county’s total Black population. Free people of color were a definitive feature of Southampton's demography in the antebellum period. Very few free people of color owned their own land, and the county’s free community of color was not concentrated into an enclave. Instead, they often lived alongside the enslaved, and their material condition was often similar. Both enslavers and whites without enslaved laborers hired free Black people for agricultural and domestic labor. Free women of color, often registered as spinsters, occupied a unique gendered labor niche that afforded them the same mobility as their enslaved counterparts. Understanding the place of free women of color in the county’s labor economy is essential to understanding their role in community-constituted resistance.","PeriodicalId":290310,"journal":{"name":"Surviving Southampton","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114553113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surviving SouthamptonPub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0008
V. Holden
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"V. Holden","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043864.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The conclusion looks at recent events in contemporary Southampton County to illustrate the ways the Black community, including Nat Turner’s descendants, continue the labor of survival. Contemporary racial tension, histories of commemoration and monuments, and recent efforts to make the history of the Southampton Rebellion more publicly accessible all come together in this chapter about historical memory and present-day resistance to racism. The legacy of the generation who survived the rebellion is strong in the present, almost two centuries later. And the geographies of the county, both topographic and human, remain integral to understanding the Southampton Rebellion","PeriodicalId":290310,"journal":{"name":"Surviving Southampton","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126936256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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