EngRN: ControlPub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3724134
B. Denkena, B. Bergmann, C. Teige
{"title":"Preload Control of Spindle Bearings by Means of Shape Memory Alloys","authors":"B. Denkena, B. Bergmann, C. Teige","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3724134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3724134","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial, motor-driven spindles for applications in machine tools are generally developed for specific machining operations. Spindles can be distinguished between spindles for HPC (High Performance Cutting) and spindles for HSC (High Speed Cutting). HPC and HSC require opposing specifications concerning motor configuration and the preload of the spindle bearings. To realize a universal machine tool spindle, changeable motor configuration and preload of the spindle bearings are necessary. In this paper, a new approach for an adaptive preload element is presented to control the preload of a spindle bearing arrangement. The adaptive preload element consists of actuators based on shape memory alloys in combination with Peltier elements. By controlling the current through the Peltier elements the temperature of shape memory alloys bending springs is controlled. Thus, the preload force of the bending springs can be variated. Experimental tests reveal the properties of the preload element and its suitability for preload modification. Within these tests, the adaptive preload element enables a preload modification of about 850 N.","PeriodicalId":289515,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Control","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132699858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EngRN: ControlPub Date : 2003-09-29DOI: 10.2514/6.IAC-03-IISL.4.09
S. Kaiser
{"title":"Rules of the Road for Space Traffic","authors":"S. Kaiser","doi":"10.2514/6.IAC-03-IISL.4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/6.IAC-03-IISL.4.09","url":null,"abstract":"After almost 50 years of space flight, time has come to think about standards for navigation of space vehicles in outer space, “rules of the road”. But since space navigation is not the first means of navigation, such rules exist already. Rather than re-inventing the wheel, this paper examines, in a comparative approach, air law principles for their suitability to traffic in Outer Space. While considering the absence of national airspace and the characteristics of orbital dynamics, the attempt is made to establish prototype standards for space traffic and navigation including the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for space vehicles.","PeriodicalId":289515,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Control","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126347939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}