{"title":"Smart Grid Applications and Services","authors":"A. Sendin, J. Matanza, R. Ferrús","doi":"10.1002/9781119755401.ch5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119755401.ch5","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows the different domains within Smart Grids, where Telecommunications play a key role to turn the Smart Grid vision into a reality, solving current scenarios and enabling new future‐proof applications. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems, at the core of energy management systems and distribution management systems, are the basis of the remote intervention capabilities of utilities over their assets, and the progressive evolution into the automation of remotely executed operations. A fundamental priority of any power system is the safety of system components and people. The role of the protection mechanism is to quickly detect faults and disconnect the faulted segment minimizing the impact to the grid. Distribution automation covers all aspects of the automation of the entire distribution system operations. Substation automation intends to achieve a more efficient operation and maintenance of substations and the infrastructure that connects to it.","PeriodicalId":288813,"journal":{"name":"Smart Grid Telecommunications","volume":"409 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123539751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Fiber and PLC Access Technologies","authors":"A. Sendin, J. Matanza, R. Ferrús","doi":"10.1002/9781119755401.ch6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119755401.ch6","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber‐based technologies and Power Line Communication (PLC) are the most relevant access wireline fixed‐network solutions for the Smart Grid. This chapter elaborates on Passive Optical Network (PON) and PLC technologies, covering the most relevant systems in each of them. PONs are intrinsically different from active optical networks, and electrical power is only required at the transmit and receive points, easing the rollout. PLC technologies are a unique set of technologies that use the power system cables for telecommunication purposes. PLC is undoubtedly recognized as an enabler of the Smart Grid. Broadband‐PLC technologies make use of the spectrum starting at 1.8MHz and offer a higher transmission data rate that comes at the expense of a higher attenuation that limits coverage. Optical fiber allows electric isolation in substations and electricity‐related premises in general, and PLC technology is by default available in Smart Grids.","PeriodicalId":288813,"journal":{"name":"Smart Grid Telecommunications","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132552892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telecommunication Fundamental Concepts","authors":"A. Sendin, J. Matanza, R. Ferrús","doi":"10.1002/9781119755401.ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119755401.ch3","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution from analog to digital must be comprehended and specially the implications of the digital world in terms of adaptation of the telecommunication systems. This chapter covers the propagation characteristics of specific telecommunication technologies, that is, optical fiber communications and radiocommunications. The very foundations of telecommunications are the transmission of signals from one point to another. A signal is a mathematical representation of the evolution of a physical quantity concerning some parameters. The main advantage of the Fourier Transform is the opportunity of looking at a signal from the frequency dimension. In telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium. Channel Coding is a technique used in digital communications that is focused on the reduction of errors in the receiver side of the systems. Optical communications are based on the transmission of light pulses instead of electrical signals.","PeriodicalId":288813,"journal":{"name":"Smart Grid Telecommunications","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133800837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wireless IoT Technologies","authors":"A. Sendin, J. Matanza, R. Ferrús","doi":"10.1002/9781119755401.ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119755401.ch8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the most relevant wireless Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for the Smart Grid. Multiple sets of wireless IoT technologies coexist today because of the broad range and diversity of communications requirements associated with current and emerging IoT applications. Three dimensions are commonly used to compare the scope of wireless IoT technologies: communications range, achievable data rate, and type of spectrum used. IEEE 802.15.4 is a technical standard for Low‐Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks. Low‐Power Wide Area Network technologies in unlicensed spectrum primarily target IoT use cases that are delay tolerant, do not need high data rates, and typically require very low power consumption and cost on the device side. Several industrial alliances and standardization organizations are promoting the use of IP‐based frameworks and open protocols to connect and managing smart objects and devices. On the management side, there are also several protocols suitable for the management of heterogeneous, resource‐constrained devices.","PeriodicalId":288813,"journal":{"name":"Smart Grid Telecommunications","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131579837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telecommunication Networks and Systems Concepts","authors":"A. Sendin, J. Matanza, R. Ferrús","doi":"10.1002/9781119755401.ch2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119755401.ch2","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces and describes the organization and differences between the telecommunication networks, systems, and services. It also includes a section on the fundamental aspects of telecommunication media key for the Smart Grid, namely optical fiber, radio, and power lines. Telecommunication services delivery is the goal of telecommunication networks or systems. Transmission media used in telecommunications are classified into physical and nonphysical. Telecommunication networks spread over territories to connect end users among them, to provide telecommunication services. The traditional world of telecommunication networks was organized around Backbone and Access networks. Any modern telecommunication system combines transport and switching/routing functions in its network devices. The protocol architecture of a telecommunications system is commonly arranged in three separate “planes” to serve different purposes: user plane, control plane, and management plane. Power lines are the supporting medium for the utility communications that travel inside the electricity cables, that is PLC.","PeriodicalId":288813,"journal":{"name":"Smart Grid Telecommunications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129112874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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