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Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Its Effect on Human Health 大肠杆菌O157:H7及其对人体健康的影响
Escherichia coli [Working Title] Pub Date : 2022-01-24 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101825
M. Mohseni, Benyamin Djawadi, N. Khazaei
{"title":"Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Its Effect on Human Health","authors":"M. Mohseni, Benyamin Djawadi, N. Khazaei","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101825","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli (E. coli) has many serotypes. The O157:H7 E. coli serotype is the most prominent serotype of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. It produces the Shiga toxin, which is one of the most important virulent factors discovered till today and has different subtypes with different antigenic and molecular traits. Consumption of contaminated water, milk or even eating an uncooked raw meat can cause bloody diarrhea that can end up in a life-threatening disease, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). This is a condition that affects endothelial cells in the blood vessels and leads to thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) that can cause blood clots formation in small blood vessels. The E. coli O157:H7 can be isolated from patient’s stool and be identified by serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting methods. This special strain of E. coli can be used as a biological weapon, as it can be so dangerous and has the ability to spread easily form person to person.","PeriodicalId":288286,"journal":{"name":"Escherichia coli [Working Title]","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122028411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular Diagnostic Platforms for Specific Detection of Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌特异性检测的分子诊断平台
Escherichia coli [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101554
Rehan Deshmukh, U. Roy
{"title":"Molecular Diagnostic Platforms for Specific Detection of Escherichia coli","authors":"Rehan Deshmukh, U. Roy","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101554","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries due to socio-economic conditions are more prone to frequent pathogenic outbreaks; inadequate sanitation and water quality monitoring are also responsible for such conditions. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to provide microbiologically safe food/water in order to protect public health. Several flaws in traditional culturing methods have sparked a surge in interest in molecular techniques as a means of improving the efficiency and sensitivity of microbiological food/water quality monitoring. Molecular identification of water contaminants, mainly Escherichia coli, has been extensively used. Several of the molecular-based techniques are based on amplification and detection of nucleic acids. The advantages offered by these PCR-based methods over culture-based techniques are a higher level of specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity. Of late, the development of a biosensor device that is easy to perform, highly sensitive, and selective has the potential to become indispensable in detecting low CFU of pathogenic E. coli in environmental samples. This review seeks to provide a vista of the progress made in the detection of E. coli using nucleic acid-based approaches as part of the microbiological food/water quality monitoring.","PeriodicalId":288286,"journal":{"name":"Escherichia coli [Working Title]","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125345420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DNA-FACE™ - An Escherichia coli-based DNA Amplification-Expression Technology for Automatic Assembly of Concatemeric ORFs and Proteins DNA- face™-一种基于大肠杆菌的DNA扩增表达技术，用于串联orf和蛋白质的自动组装
Escherichia coli [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101640
Piotr M. Skowron, A. Zylicz-Stachula
{"title":"DNA-FACE™ - An Escherichia coli-based DNA Amplification-Expression Technology for Automatic Assembly of Concatemeric ORFs and Proteins","authors":"Piotr M. Skowron, A. Zylicz-Stachula","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101640","url":null,"abstract":"DNA-FACE™ (DNA Fragment Amplification & Concatemeric Expressed Nucleic Acids and Proteins) is a universal biotechnological platform, developed as Escherichia coli (E. coli) system. It is based on the ordered, head-to-tail directional ligation of the amplified DNA fragments. The technology enables the construction of targeted biomolecules - genetically programmed, concatemeric DNA, RNA, and proteins, designed to fit a particular task. The constructed, “artificial” (never seen in Nature) tandem repeat macromolecules, with specialized functions, may contain up to 500 copies of monomeric units. The technology greatly exceeds the current capabilities of chemical gene synthesis. The vector-enzymatic DNA fragment amplification assembles the DNA segments, forming continuous Open Reading Frames (ORFs). The obtained ORFs are ready for high-level expression in E. coli without a need for subcloning. The presented method has potential applications in pharmaceutical industry and tissue engineering, including vaccines, biological drugs, drug delivery systems, mass-production of peptide-derived biomaterials, industrial and environmental processes. The technology has been patented worldwide and used successfully in the construction of anti-HBV vaccines, pro-regenerative biological drugs and, recently, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, developed using the DNA-FACE™ technology, is nontoxic and induces strong immunological response to recombinant human spike and nucleocapsid proteins, as shown in animal studies.","PeriodicalId":288286,"journal":{"name":"Escherichia coli [Working Title]","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123124404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pathogenic Escherichia coli: An Overview on Pre-Harvest Factors that Impact the Microbial Safety of Leafy Greens 致病性大肠杆菌:影响绿叶蔬菜微生物安全性的采前因素综述
Escherichia coli [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101552
A. Darabă
{"title":"Pathogenic Escherichia coli: An Overview on Pre-Harvest Factors that Impact the Microbial Safety of Leafy Greens","authors":"A. Darabă","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101552","url":null,"abstract":"Consumption of fresh leafy greens has been repeatedly reported and linked to pathogenic Escherichia coli-associated foodborne illnesses outbreaks. Leafy greens are mostly eaten raw, based on the increased consumers’ preferences for natural, nutritious diets. Recent studies indicate the incidence of infections caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli remained almost unchanged or even increased. In this context, fresh produces increased the awareness about their primary contamination level, namely the pre-harvest phase. Fully eliminating pathogenic Escherichia coli from pre-harvest environment proved to be impossible. Emphasis must be placed on the pre-harvest factors that affect the food safety and, subsequently, on the identification of possible mitigation strategies that can be used on-farm for reducing the risk of leafy greens contamination with pathogenic Escherichia coli.","PeriodicalId":288286,"journal":{"name":"Escherichia coli [Working Title]","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122558718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌的抗菌素耐药性
Escherichia coli [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101583
Waheed Ullah, Shandana Ali
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli","authors":"Waheed Ullah, Shandana Ali","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101583","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of microbes to resist or neutralize the action of drugs that have been used against microbes is considered as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR among different strains of Escherichia coli is considered as a major threat to public health. Drug-resistant in E. coli is found predominantly in the hospital sittings, in the community, and surrounding environment. It has adopted different defensive strategies to minimize the effects of drugs. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), fluoroquinolones, and carbapenemases have been considered as strong resistance strategies being present in most of resistant bacterial strains. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have the major contribution in the transfer of resistance genes in between or among bacterial cells. Plasmids are normally present in most of resistant strains, helping in the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells. Transposons another MGEs, are being considered as one of the major sources of resistance transmission. Collectively, MGEs play an important role in facilitating in exchange, acquisition, and dissemination of resistance genes. Resistance in E. coli has been reported worldwide and there is variation in its resistance pattern. CTX-M ESBLs, carbapenems, colistin-resistant, and ST-131 E. coli resistant clones are considered the most dominant phenotypes. The aforesaid resistant variants are predominantly found in densely populated regions, Sub-Saharan Africa, China, and South Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":288286,"journal":{"name":"Escherichia coli [Working Title]","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115530074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 尿路致病性大肠杆菌的毒力因子
Escherichia coli [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99891
E. Etefia
{"title":"Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli","authors":"E. Etefia","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99891","url":null,"abstract":"Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are those that cause infections in the urinary tract. They acquired virulence factors which enable them to survive in the urinary tract and elicit pathogenicity. The virulence factors are classified into two categories: (i) bacterial cell surface virulence factors and (ii) bacteria secreted virulence factors. Adhesins, toxins and iron up-take systems are major groups of virulence factors. The variety of virulence factors of UPEC is presented in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":288286,"journal":{"name":"Escherichia coli [Working Title]","volume":"72 4 Pt 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132435764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Potential of Escherichia coli Probiotics for Improved Health and Disease Management 大肠杆菌益生菌改善健康和疾病管理的潜力
Escherichia coli [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.100380
G. Naresh Kumar, G. Archana
{"title":"Potential of Escherichia coli Probiotics for Improved Health and Disease Management","authors":"G. Naresh Kumar, G. Archana","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100380","url":null,"abstract":"Although natural gut microbiota containsEscherichia coli as a commensal, this bacterium, along with other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are usually known for their pathogenic potential. Interestingly, E. coli colonizes first and remains all through life, and in fact, some strains possess beneficial properties such as antibacterial colicin secretion. Among the beneficial strains, E. coli Nissle, isolated in 1917, has been the most extensively explored strain. Adaptability to survive under diverse conditions coupled with facile genetic manipulations enabled the design of E. coli strains with properties to deliver antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor molecules. Moreover, genetically modified E. coli strains secreting enzymes for converting sucrose and fructose into insulin and mannitol, respectively, were very effective in preventing the onset of metabolic disease by acting as synbiotics. Thus, E. coli is emerging as a very potent probiotic platform for developing strains with the potential of controlling many metabolic and multifactorial diseases, including cancer.","PeriodicalId":288286,"journal":{"name":"Escherichia coli [Working Title]","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116944374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Escherichia coli SOS Response: Much More than DNA Damage Repair 大肠杆菌SOS反应:远不止DNA损伤修复
Escherichia coli [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.100353
Z. Podlesek, D. Žgur Bertok
{"title":"The Escherichia coli SOS Response: Much More than DNA Damage Repair","authors":"Z. Podlesek, D. Žgur Bertok","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100353","url":null,"abstract":"The Escherichia coli SOS response is an inducible DNA damage repair pathway controlled by two key regulators, LexA, a repressor and RecA, an inducer. Upon DNA damage RecA is activated and stimulates self cleavage of LexA, leading to, in E. coli, derepresion of approximately 50 SOS genes. The response is triggered by exogenous and endogenous signals that bacteria encounter at a number of sites within the host. Nevertheless, besides regulating DNA damage repair the SOS response plays a much broader role. Thus, SOS error prone polymerases promote elevated mutation rates significant for genetic adaptation and diversity, including antibiotic resistance. Here we review the E. coli SOS response in relation to recalcitrance to antimicrobials, including persister and biofilm formation, horizontal gene tranfer, gene mobility, bacterial pathogenicity, as well SOS induced bacteriocins that drive diversification. Phenotypic heterogeneity in expression of the SOS regulator genes, recA and lexA as well as colicin activity genes is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":288286,"journal":{"name":"Escherichia coli [Working Title]","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131442051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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