Madridge Journal of Behavioral & Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Productivity in Public and Private Sectors in the U.S.: A Comprehensive Review through Passage of Time","authors":"Behrooz Kalantari, I. Korovyakovskaya","doi":"10.18689/MJBSS-1000113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/MJBSS-1000113","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the notion of productivity in both public and private organizations, the difference between the two sectors and how productivity measurement for each sector has to be determined. The article argues that designing viable measurement instruments to measure productivity should be based on the organizational goals as well as customersʼ expectations. Further, this study underscores the important factors that influence a viable performance measurement system, its sustainability and success. This work emphasizes the significance of performance management framework and how to use motivational factors for employees to embrace performance standards for boosting productivity in public-private domains. Finally, this study argues that measuring productivity can become easier with usage of latest technologies, ongoing training and continued education in order to keep employees engaged while improving productivity in public and private organizations.","PeriodicalId":286473,"journal":{"name":"Madridge Journal of Behavioral & Social Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126665305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precarious Moral Economy: Female Sex Workers in Post-Socialist China","authors":"Y. J. Yu","doi":"10.18689/mjbss-1000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/mjbss-1000112","url":null,"abstract":"Published by Madridge Publishers Introduction This article examines what I describe as a “fleeting moral economy,” a system of culturally shared mores formed among migrant women who are engaging in illegal and stigmatized activities in urban areas. I suggest that the rationale or norm for the particular value of reciprocity varies not only by the complexity of a society or a culture, but also varies due to specific networks or communities depending on their particular circumstances, especially level of resource needs. This short communication is the product of my 27 months of ethnographic field work in post-reform southern China. By ‘female sex workers,’ I mean women whose primary mode of livelihood is the sex trade, who participate in the activities on a daily basis, and who largely think of themselves as professional sex workers (xiaojie). In my field sites, a female sex worker usually works at various sex venues (e.g., brothels, massage parlors, night clubs, etc.) and/or through various work modes (e.g., via madams and brokers, second wife, escorts, etc.), and often simultaneously. As to the business operation of sex work, participants enjoyed flexible work schedules, did not have a formal contract, and paid madams a commission [1,2]. My participants were largely from families of low socioeconomic status and less education (e.g., elementary school dropouts through junior high school graduates). In China, female sex workers are predominantly young, unmarried, and less educated, having migrated from poor rural areas to towns or cities [3,4]. According to data from my 175 indepth interviews, women in the sex trade are thirty years old on average and make 4,887 CNY (roughly $820) per month (Table 1) – a sum roughly two to three times greater than recent college graduates in the region earn and considerably more than women can make in their villages where they are unlikely to find any paid work at all [1,2].","PeriodicalId":286473,"journal":{"name":"Madridge Journal of Behavioral & Social Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126962136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restricting Religion by Protecting Speech? Reflections on Cohran v. City of Atlanta","authors":"Joseph Prudʼhomme","doi":"10.18689/mjbss-1000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/mjbss-1000110","url":null,"abstract":"The United States is in the grip of an extended debate over the meaning of the free exercise of religion. This is especially true as religious liberty has come increasingly to be viewed as restricting the rights of those not sharing the views of religious liberty claimants. One case that raises challenging questions about the scope of religious freedom is the federal district court case of Cochran v. City of Atlanta. In this short piece, I first provide a summary of the Cochran decision. Although detailed jurisprudential analysis cannot be provided in this piece, I do work to situate this decision within an emerging trend within American constitutional law: the trend to redefine religious liberty not as a free-standing constitutional protection but as one sub-element of a wider species of rights, specifically, the right of personally expressive speech. Through a short review of salient aspects of English and American legal history, I develop a threestage argument for suspecting that this move contains the potential to water down the degree to which the federal judiciary provides robust protection of the right of religious liberty.","PeriodicalId":286473,"journal":{"name":"Madridge Journal of Behavioral & Social Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115885270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keeping in Mind ever-changing Demographic Measurement in Research","authors":"Stephanie A Bennett-Knapp","doi":"10.18689/mjbss-1000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/mjbss-1000109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286473,"journal":{"name":"Madridge Journal of Behavioral & Social Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123474438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Care and the Ethics of Care in Civilian and Military Triage","authors":"E. Howe","doi":"10.18689/mjbss-1000108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/mjbss-1000108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286473,"journal":{"name":"Madridge Journal of Behavioral & Social Sciences","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121509462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative analysis of Recent U.S. Policies in the Middle East: Obama vs. Trump","authors":"Behrooz Kalantari","doi":"10.18689/mjbss-1000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/mjbss-1000107","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally the Middle East has been the most important and challenging part of the American foreign policy. After the creation of the state of Israel and prominence of US as a super power after World War II, this challenge has continuously emerged as the most critical one. In general, it can be argued that American foreign policy towards the Middle East during the Cold War was based on a realistic model. In those days the U.S. had three major objectives: containing the Soviet Union, protecting the State of Israel and most importantly, preserving access to the Middle East oil. In line with all those objectives and especially with the Soviet containment, the U.S. tried hard to prevent any in-state wars because through such conflicts the Soviet Union was able to extend her influence in the area [1]. Before the 9/11 attack and invasion of Iraq, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was the most difficult to balance the need for oil and the security of the state of Israel. After the invasion of Iraq which is considered one of the major foreign policy mistakes by the USA, as well as the creation of ISIS and war in Syria, terrorism overshadowed the IsraeliPalestinian issue. However, it still remains the most important root of the problems in the Middle East. Every past administration up-to Trump has tried to make use of the most trained and experienced member of its administration to deal with this complex area. And in some cases, the United States has been very successful in dealing with some of the Middle Eastern prominent issues. For example, in 1978, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed the Camp David Accords in Washington. This agreement was the most important accomplishment of American government that brought a lasting peace between Egypt and Israel. Also in 1994, Yitzhak Rabin, the Prime Minister of Israel, and Yasir Arafat, the chairman of the P.L.O., and President Clinton signed a declaration of principle in Washington sealing the first agreement between Jews and Palestinians for Palestinian self-rule. Although there are several countries exist in the Middle East, it can be argued that at the present time only three countries, due to their capabilities, interests, and ambitions, influence the events profoundly in the area. They include: Israel, Iran, and Saudi Arabia and can be called the major players in the area.","PeriodicalId":286473,"journal":{"name":"Madridge Journal of Behavioral & Social Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133519529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the thought of a Cell Phone affect False Recognition?","authors":"Heather Beauchamp, Julie LeVonne","doi":"10.18689/mjbss-1000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/mjbss-1000106","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of cell phone questions on false memory rates was examined. Ninety-six participants were shown 10 DeeseRoediger McDermott lists to determine whether cell phone questions versus control conditions that preceded list study influenced recognition. The results showed that participants who were asked about cell phones had significantly lower false recognition rates than control participants. The findings suggest that even when cell phones are not present, intrusive thoughts about cell phone use may reduce relational processing and affect memory.","PeriodicalId":286473,"journal":{"name":"Madridge Journal of Behavioral & Social Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125513722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}