TransportRN: Globalization & International Trade (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Big Data on Vessel Traffic: Nowcasting Trade Flows in Real Time","authors":"Serkan Arslanalp, Marco A. Marini, Patrizia Tumbarello","doi":"10.5089/9781513521121.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513521121.001","url":null,"abstract":"Vessel traffic data based on the Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a big data source for nowcasting trade activity in real time. Using Malta as a benchmark, we develop indicators of trade and maritime activity based on AIS-based port calls. We test the quality of these indicators by comparing them with official statistics on trade and maritime statistics. If the challenges associated with port call data are overcome through appropriate filtering techniques, we show that these emerging “big data” on vessel traffic could allow statistical agencies to complement existing data sources on trade and introduce new statistics that are more timely (real time), offering an innovative way to measure trade activity. That, in turn, could facilitate faster detection of turning points in economic activity. The approach could be extended to create a real-time worldwide indicator of global trade activity.","PeriodicalId":285148,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Globalization & International Trade (Topic)","volume":"33 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116728916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade for the Environment: Transboundary Hazardous Waste Movements after the Basel Convention","authors":"Shiming Yang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3386820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3386820","url":null,"abstract":"International institutions are important regulators of the trade-environment relationship. Many of them deploy trade measures for environmental purposes, with mixed results. The Basel Convention is a typical case where designated strong trade restrictions have failed to curb movements of hazardous waste or protect vulnerable countries from waste dumping. The existing literature emphasizes North-South conflict under the Basel Convention as the main reason for these shortcomings. This paper returns to the fundamental question as to why countries engage in the trade of hazardous wastes. It relaxes the Basel assumption that hazardous wastes are invariably negative externalities, and argues that global economic integration has commodified these wastes. Countries are increasingly diverging on their views and treatment of hazardous materials. This study draws from the under-utilized Basel Convention Database and other sources to piece together a holistic picture of the global hazardous waste movements. It identifies three types of countries with distinct trade-orientations: industrialized countries, which trade the largest amounts of hazardous wastes and with considerable specialization; newly industrializing countries, which are becoming influential players in hazardous waste generation and management; and least- developed countries, which are least open to waste trade yet least protected from waste dumping. This analysis shows that, as globalization deepens, the management of hazardous wastes may actually require extensive transboundary movements of hazardous materials between countries of capability and interest. Contrary to its current trade minimization approach based on a crude North-South dichotomy, the Basel Convention may benefit from an approach that motivates capable countries to treat more wastes and builds capacity for intended waste importers.","PeriodicalId":285148,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Globalization & International Trade (Topic)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127959602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"신보호주의하에서 미국 무역구제제도의 변화와 주요 사례 연구 (A Study on Recent Changes in U.S. Trade Remedies: Cases Against Korean Exports)","authors":"Kiep Submitter, Chankwon Bae, Jun-Hyun Eom, Min-Chirl Chung, Jang Wan Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3422588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3422588","url":null,"abstract":"Korean Abstract: 최근 미국 무역구제조치의 변화는 우리나라 기업의 대미 수출활동뿐만 아니라 정부의 산업정책에도 적지 않은 혼란을 야기하고 있다. 본 연구는 미국 무역구제제도의 주요 규정과 관행 변화의 영향을 구체적인 사례를 들어 분석하였다. 이를 통해, 미국 무역구제조치의 변화가 초래하는 위협의 원천을 식별하고 정부와 기업의 대응방안 수립에 도움이 될 시사점을 제시하였다. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: This study identifies potential threats to exporters to the U.S. caused by the recent changes in U.S. trade remedies. A close examination is conducted of U.S. trade remedy measures against Korean businesses. The second chapter reviews the political and economic background of the recent legislations for U.S. trade remedies. The third and fourth chapters analyze the institutional and implementational changes in antidumping and countervailing duties, and safeguard measures carried out under the Trump administration, respectively. \u0000 \u0000Our results find that the series of amendments to U.S. trade remedy laws aim to grant the two investigation authorities, i.e. the U.S. International Trade Commission and Department of Commerce, greater discretion in making their decisions and in calculating the price advantage provided to foreign exporters. In antidumping and countervailing duty cases such amendments lead to more facile application of a higher dumping margin or subsidy rate to foreign producers through an increase in normal value, use of Particular Market Situation (PMS) or Adverse Facts Available (AFA) or both, and a failure to cooperate on the part of a respondent. In doing so they serve the purpose of strengthening the position of U.S. domestic industries with protectionist tendencies. \u0000 \u0000The study shows that the U.S. laws on safeguards, general and security, have not changed much since the enactments, but there has been a significant change in their implementations. The Trump administration has consecutively triggered general safeguard measures against Korean residential washing machines and solar products for the first time in 16 years, and initiated investigations on a threat to national security posed by imported steel, aluminum, and automobile products. It has employed general safeguards to prevent foreign exporters from circumventing antidumping duties, which may not be in line with their original purpose, and has been applying security safeguards rarely used in the past to a breadth of imports, aggressively interpreting the definition of national security.","PeriodicalId":285148,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Globalization & International Trade (Topic)","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131887489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belt Road Initiative in Oman: Lessons from the East","authors":"Hamdan Al-Fazari, Jimmy Teng","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3492926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3492926","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses the experience of Kazakhstan, East Asian economies and Southeast Asian countries in economic development to provide suggestions for Oman on her participation in the One Belt One Road project by China. From the experience of Kazakhstan, the paper recommends that Oman actively draw China’s massive resources and knowhow in to help Oman in economic development and diversification led growth. From the examples of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, the paper suggests that Oman encourages economic exchanges with China and transfer of technology and knowhow and flows of foreign investments from China to upgrade the Omani economy. From the experience of Southeast Asia nations, the paper advises that Oman makes good use of its strategic location and membership in the Gulf Cooperation Council in her dealings and bargaining with China to get the best deals.","PeriodicalId":285148,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Globalization & International Trade (Topic)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131131036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globalización, Democracia y Prosperidad (Globalization, Democracy and Prosperity)","authors":"M. Ponce","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3290045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3290045","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> ¿Es la globalización compatible con la democracia y con la prosperidad para todos? Según el inversor global hindú Ruchir Sharma: “Las tensiones sociales generadas por la rápida globalización a principios del siglo XX resultan hoy familiares. La participación del ingreso que obtuvo el 1% más rico de los estadounidenses creció fuertemente desde 1870 hasta alcanzar un pico de 20% a fines de la década de 1920, conforme el comercio global creaba una suerte de “edad de oro” para una plutocracia. El resentimiento popular se diseminó, y los políticos comenzaron a trabajar para cerrar las fronteras, particularmente después de 1929, cuando la economía derivó en la Gran Depresión” (Sharma, The New York Times, 2016). Este artículo examina algunas ideas dentro del debate actual sobre la globalización y sobre las nuevas tendencias hacia la desglobalización desde el triunfo electoral de D. Trump en 2016, quien de hecho interpretó los sentimientos de aquellos que resultaron perdedores durante la oleada de la globalización que se inició en 1990.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> Is globalization compatible with democracy and prosperity for all? According to the Indian global investor Ruchir Sharma: “The social tensions generated by rapid globalization in the early 20th century also ring familiar. The share of income going to the richest 1% of Americans rose steadily from 1870 to a peak of nearly 20% in the late 1920s, as global commerce created a “gilded age” plutocracy. Popular resentment spread, and politicians began working to seal the borders, particularly after 1929, when the economy crashed into the Great Depression” (Sharma, The New York Times, 2016). This article examines the current debate about globalization and the new deglobalization tendencies since the electoral triumph of D. Trump in late 2016, who in fact interpreted the feelings of those losers of the globalization wave that started in 1990. <br>","PeriodicalId":285148,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Globalization & International Trade (Topic)","volume":"439 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134195069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Countries and Trends in the World Trade Network: A Link Analysis Approach","authors":"Yash Raj Lamsal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3248295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3248295","url":null,"abstract":"The landscape in the world trade network has changed in last few decades.&nbsp; This paper analyses World Trade Network (WTN) from 1990 to 2016, using the trade data available at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) website and presents the evolution of key players in the network using link analysis properties. Link Analysis analyzes the link strength between nodes of a network to evaluate the properties of the network. The paper uses link analysis algorithm such as PageRank, hubs, and authority to evaluate the strength or importance of nodes in the World Trade Network. A higher PageRank represents higher import dependencies, higher authority scores of a country denotes its significance to import from other hub countries, and a higher hub score indicates a country’s significance to export their final product to other authority sectors. The findings show the emergence of Asian countries, especially China, as key players in the world.&nbsp;","PeriodicalId":285148,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Globalization & International Trade (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114708677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Declining Protection in Developing Countries: Fact or Fiction?","authors":"C. Milner","doi":"10.1111/twec.12070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12070","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores whether and to what extent evident trade reform, falling average tariffs and rising exports in recent decades overstate the extent to which protectionism has declined in developing countries, especially low‐income developing countries. It identifies remaining significant protection, especially of final manufactured goods; this being associated with the presence of peak tariffs, escalating tariff structures by stage of production and replacement of old forms of non‐tariff protection with new instruments of non‐tariff protection. It also identifies significant protection arising from high international trade costs induced by inefficiencies in transportation, ports and customs, and from the growth of exports to preference‐receiving, export markets.","PeriodicalId":285148,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Globalization & International Trade (Topic)","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116209785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}