Plant Competition in Cropping Systems最新文献

Understanding Species Traits and Biodiversity Indices to Solve Problems Associated with Legume Persistence in Cropping Systems 了解物种性状和生物多样性指数以解决豆科植物在种植系统中的持续性问题

Plant Competition in Cropping Systems Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76523

M. Islam, D. Ashilenje

{"title":"Understanding Species Traits and Biodiversity Indices to Solve Problems Associated with Legume Persistence in Cropping Systems","authors":"M. Islam, D. Ashilenje","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76523","url":null,"abstract":"Shading and competition for mineral nutrients by grass impair legume functions and production in mixed cropping systems. Sustained stress from competition and adverse environments contribute to shortened legume life spans in such cropping systems. This creates negative consequences to forage productivity. There are opportunities to solve the challenge of legume persistence by understanding species traits and plant community dynamics that foster coexistence and complementary resource use. Together with species ’ unique ability to tolerate adverse soil factors such as water stress, acidity and salinity, self- seeding, and shade tolerance are positive traits among legume species that grow in mixed crops. In communities, converging leaf and shoot conformations as well as asynchrony in dry matter distribution among species can avert negative effects of species competition. While seeding ratios can influence forage production and quality, management including harvest frequency and optimizing phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers have crucial roles in perpetuating legume growth and function in mixtures with grass. Some facts on species competition for light, water, and nutrient resources; shade avoidance; and biodiversity mechanisms are highlighted in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":282239,"journal":{"name":"Plant Competition in Cropping Systems","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128378621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ecological Role of Biodiversity for Crop Protection 生物多样性在作物保护中的生态作用

Plant Competition in Cropping Systems Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78228

Ö. Baysal, R. Silme

{"title":"The Ecological Role of Biodiversity for Crop Protection","authors":"Ö. Baysal, R. Silme","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78228","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural system is a complex community sheltering different ecological units. The units of this complex structure are in balance with each other showing fluctuations to ensure effective regulations from time to time depending on the abundance of both undesirable and beneficial organisms. This balance is a major case for biological activity playing an important role to maintain biological diversity. Once this natural balance is impaired due to abiotic and biotic factors occurring in biosystems, the economic and environmental problems appear becoming significant for the economical dimension in agriculture. The most important components showing deficiencies in systemically agro ecostructure problems result from soil fertility, pest and disease management. Large interactions, which are concomitantly persisting with biological processes, are on plant and animal biodiversity, which have been affected by miss-treatments in crop protection and plant nutrition. Hence, food-web and biodiversity are indirectly seriously damaged in nature, such as recycling of nutrients and changes of microclimate. In this chapter, we have discussed the major effects of crop protection on biodiversity in detail regarding the persistence of biodiversity that needs to be mediated, considering the preserving of eco - logical properties and sustainable maintenance of biological integrity in agroecosystems .","PeriodicalId":282239,"journal":{"name":"Plant Competition in Cropping Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125584483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Introductory Chapter: Plant Competition in Multiple Cropping Systems beyond Conceptual Knowledge 导论:超越概念知识的复种制度中的植物竞争

Plant Competition in Cropping Systems Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81076

D. Dunea

引用次数: 0

Land Utilization Pattern in the Indonesian Forest: Cassava Cultivation in an Agroforestal System 印度尼西亚森林的土地利用模式:农林业系统中的木薯种植

Plant Competition in Cropping Systems Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76928

E. Banowati, S. Nugraha

{"title":"Land Utilization Pattern in the Indonesian Forest: Cassava Cultivation in an Agroforestal System","authors":"E. Banowati, S. Nugraha","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76928","url":null,"abstract":"The potential forestland for agroforestry implementation in Indonesia is teak forest ( Tectona grandis ). The teak forest is less dense during the dry season, allowing sunlight to enter through the trees gap to the ground under the canopy. Therefore, some people use that condition as “palawija” farming land (palawija/phaladwija, in Java-Indonesia represents the type of non-rice agricultural crops). It is done to prevent the growth of weeds that can disturb the teak growth. The phenomenon of land utilization under the stands (PLDT) is an alternative in accessing forestland use by the community, a part of intercropping location. Theoretically, if the implementation was correct, it could be an effort to restore the forest ecological function. The pattern of the PLDT model on teak forests needs to select correct plants according to temporal dynamics, namely the season (dry or rainy) and the plants age. Land use representation could be seen from the cultiva- tion pattern and crops variety that is cultivated under the forest stands at three research locations called Development Areas wilayah pengembangan (WP). The palawija crops that exist on all three WP were cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz).","PeriodicalId":282239,"journal":{"name":"Plant Competition in Cropping Systems","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116594866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Enhancing Productivity in Rice-Based Cropping Systems 提高水稻种植系统的生产力

Plant Competition in Cropping Systems Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76904

U. Sravan, K. Murthy

引用次数: 10

Competitive Ability of Rice Cultivars in the Era of Weed Resistance 抗杂草时代水稻品种竞争能力的研究

Plant Competition in Cropping Systems Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78342

F. Schreiber, Ananda Scherner, A. Andres, G. Concenço, F. Goulart

{"title":"Competitive Ability of Rice Cultivars in the Era of Weed Resistance","authors":"F. Schreiber, Ananda Scherner, A. Andres, G. Concenço, F. Goulart","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78342","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all plants are negatively affected by neighboring plants, which impose some degree of competition within the population, depending mainly on the quantity and quality of natural resources available in the environment. In rice cultivation, the occur - rence of a high and diverse infestation of weeds results in high competition levels among the species. In addition, the high and growing number of cases about herbicide-resistant weeds, especially the widespread distribution of Imidazolinone-resistant weedy-rice and the high infestation of weeds belonging to the Echinochloa genus, has increased the competition levels within rice cultivation due to the lack of control. Therefore, the inclusion of rice cultivars with greater competitive ability represents a promising tool for weed management, since new cases of resistance to herbicides are often reported and alternative control strategies are scarce. The use of rice cultivars with a greater ability to suppress weeds can alleviate the competitive effect of these species, giving priority to the crop for the use of environmental resources due to the faster occupation of the ecological niches. Thus, this chapter aims to explore the competitive ability of rice cultivars against troublesome weed species, accounting for the role of their morphological and physiologi cal traits as a function of environment-friendly crop practices. on their biological and morphological traits to optimize management strategies. Germination and emergence patterns, dry mass, dry mass accumulation, plants height, number of tillers or branches, number of inflorescences other variables often for future estimations","PeriodicalId":282239,"journal":{"name":"Plant Competition in Cropping Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128172803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3