Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12最新文献

Use of Biomass as a Raw Material for Energy Production 利用生物质作为能源生产的原材料

Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12 Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/2481f

Tsatiris Michael

{"title":"Use of Biomass as a Raw Material for Energy Production","authors":"Tsatiris Michael","doi":"10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/2481f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/2481f","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to describe the reasons why biomass constitutes raw material for energy production. The meaning of biomass is defined and it is explained why it is a potential source of energy. The utilization of biomass as an energy source is based on heat energy production during its combustion. The solar energy captured and stored by plants is released in the form of heat energy during the biomass combustion. The variables that affect the energy value (heating value) of forest biomass including the chemical composition, percentage of extractives, moisture content, ash content and density are reported. The calorific values of the various chemical components (cellulose, lignin, extractives), the various forest species (Softwoods, hardwoods) as well as the various parts of the same tree (wood, bark, foliage, branches) are declared as numerical data from the literature review. Softwoods generally contain more energy than hardwoods on a dry weight basis, due to higher lignin content plus the presence of more resinous extractives. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of biomass as an energy source are analyzed: biomass is renewable and eco-friendly, but its efficiency is low. However, this problem is gradually disappearing because of upward trends in oil prices and the atmospheric pollution which is caused by its combustion fact that increasingly encourage a wider use of biomass as an energy source.","PeriodicalId":280769,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128349087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on Increase in PKCa Activity during Heart Failure Despite the Stimulation of PKCa Braking Mechanism 在PKCa制动机制刺激下心衰时PKCa活性增加的研究

Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12 Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/10580d

N. Aslam

{"title":"Study on Increase in PKCa Activity during Heart Failure Despite the Stimulation of PKCa Braking Mechanism","authors":"N. Aslam","doi":"10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/10580d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/10580d","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Heart failure (HF) is marked by dampened cardiac contractility. A mild therapeutic target that improves contractile function without desensitizing the (alpha)-adrenergic system during HF may improve cardiac contractility and potentially survival. Inhibiting protein kinase C (alpha) (PKC(alpha)) activity may fit the criteria of a therapeutic target with milder systemic effects that still boosts contractility in HF patients. PKC(alpha) activity has been observed to increase during HF. This increase in PKC(alpha) activity is perplexing because it is also accompanied by up-regulation of a molecular braking mechanism.\u0000Objective: I aim to explore how PKC(alpha) activity can be increased and maintained during HF despite the presence of a molecular braking mechanism.\u0000Methods and Results: Using a computational approach, I show that the local diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling is regulated through a two-compartment signaling system in cardiomyocytes. These results imply that after massive myocardial infarction (MI), local homeostasis of DAG signaling is disrupted. The loss of this balance leads to prolonged activation of PKC(alpha), a key molecular target linked to LV remodeling and dysfunctional filling and ejection in the mammalian heart. This study also proposes an explanation for how DAG homeostasis is regulated during normal systolic and diastolic cardiac function.\u0000Conclusions: I developed a novel two-compartment computational model for regulating DAG homeostasis during Ang II-induced heart failure. This model provides a promising tool with which to study mechanisms of DAG signaling regulation during heart failure. The model can also aid in identification of novel therapeutic targets with the aim of improving the quality of life for heart failure patients.","PeriodicalId":280769,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133000949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Surface Carbohydrates in the Adaptation of Fasciola hepatica to the Intermediate Host Galba truncatula 表面碳水化合物在肝片形吸虫适应中间宿主截尾藻中的作用

Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12 Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/8016d

K. Georgieva, V. Nanev

{"title":"Role of Surface Carbohydrates in the Adaptation of Fasciola hepatica to the Intermediate Host Galba truncatula","authors":"K. Georgieva, V. Nanev","doi":"10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/8016d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/8016d","url":null,"abstract":"The liver fluke Fasciola hepatica is one of the parasites with the greatest negative impact on livestock industry and is also a problem for people in some parts of the world. Lymnaeid snails ensure the multiplication of F. hepatica serving as an obligatory intermediate host and act as carriers of the parasite. However, there is no knowledge of the specific mechanisms, by which the F. hepatica is adapted to survive in its susceptible invertebrate host. \u0000Surface carbohydrates are the essential participants in cell-to-cell interactions, including the parasite-snail interplay. They are recognized by carbohydrate-binding molecules and this is the beginning of the mechanisms by which parasites manage to utilize the specific snail host for development and multiplication. \u0000In several studies, using lectin labeling, our team identified the carbohydrates associated with the snail-pathogenic larval stages of F. hepatica as well as on the tissues of main transmitter of fasciolosis Galba truncatula. The role of surface carbohydrates in the parasite's adaptation to this specific host including snail recognition, miracidial-to-sporocyst transformation and immune evasion has also been studied. \u0000This review summarizes our results and provides an insight into the important role of surface carbohydrates interacted with carbohydrate-binding molecules and indicates that these interactions are among the determining factors for the transmission of F. hepatica by the specific vector G. truncatula.","PeriodicalId":280769,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131917809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studies on Sexual Dimorphism in a Cross River Ecotype Local Chicken – Rose Comb (Gallus gallus domesticus) 十字河生态型地方鸡玫瑰鸡冠(Gallus Gallus domesticus)性别二态性的研究

Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12 Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/9059d

H. Etta, Henry Barizigakol Kogbara

{"title":"Studies on Sexual Dimorphism in a Cross River Ecotype Local Chicken – Rose Comb (Gallus gallus domesticus)","authors":"H. Etta, Henry Barizigakol Kogbara","doi":"10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/9059d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/9059d","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual dimorphism in the local chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)-Rose Comb- in Cross River was investigated. Sixty (60) male and female Gallus gallus domesticus chickens were evaluated for the effect of sex on body weight (BW), body length (BL), body girth (BG), thigh length(TL), shank length (SL) and keel length (KL) which were measured fortnightly for twelve (12) weeks. Sexual Size Dimorphism Index (SSDI) and Sexual Dimorphism Index (SDI) were used to confirm relative contribution of each trait to total dimorphism. The values obtained for SSDI and SDI respectively were 1.61 and 61% for BW; 1.26 and 26.52% for TL; 1.23 and 23.81% for SL; 1.22 and 21.50% for BL; 1.18 and 18.20% for BG; 1.17 and 17.94% for KL. To identify the best trait for predicting sex, stepwise discriminate analysis was employed and the Wilk’s Lamda values obtained were BW(0.471); TL(0.452); SL(0.401); BL(0.283); BG(0.272) and KL(0.271). Results showed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences in all measured parameters at week 6 with mean BW, BL, BG, SL, KL and TL of 300.01 and 253.24; 22 and 18.62; 5.20 and 3.98; 4.60 and 3.50; 5.50 and 3.90; 13.10 and 11.20 for both male and female birds respectively. These results indicate that sexual dimorphism is exhibited in all morphometric traits in favor of the male with BW as the highest dimorphic trait. The study also helps for the selection of Gallus gallus domesticus for improvement in meat production and address the problem of sex discrimination during selection for mating before sexual maturity.","PeriodicalId":280769,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117323329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathological Correlates to Prolactin and Growth Hormone 与催乳素和生长激素病理相关

Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12 Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/10965d

Amira Al Kharusi

{"title":"Pathological Correlates to Prolactin and Growth Hormone","authors":"Amira Al Kharusi","doi":"10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/10965d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/10965d","url":null,"abstract":"Growth Hormone (GH) and Prolactin (PRL) are critical regulators of body growth and metabolism. Secretion and actions of GH and PRL are regulated at several levels and by different factors. The biological actions of these hormones are initiated by their binding to the respective membrane bound receptors of GH and PRL (GHR and PRLR). Several hormone systems are characterized by changes in target tissue sensitivity. Key factors in hormone sensitivity include the number of particular receptors and the duration of receptor activated intracellular signals. A common theme concerning this is e.g. that tyrosine phosphorylated intracellular proteins become inactivated by tyrosine phosphatases or by proteasomal breakdown. In this chapter, a particular focus is put on two different proteins, Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling2 (SOCS2) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex2 (TSC2) that uniquely impinge on JAK-STAT activation and on mTOR activation. The SOCS2-dependent increase of GH and PRL sensitivity in diabetes or other conditions; like hormone sensitive cancers, raises questions on the importance of altered GH/PRL sensitivity, in addition to conditions related to over-, or under-production of these hormones. It may have a future potential to target GH/PRL sensitivity in cases where conventional hormone treatment fails because of reduced sensitivity. There are still many gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled, and this may in particular be the case for PRL, for which new data indicate that the hormone has a different profile of activity in humans, compared to animals.","PeriodicalId":280769,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127920798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of Correlationship between Hydrological Residence Time and Phytoplankton Dynamics in Lake Kinneret, Israel BP2436 以色列Kinneret湖水文停留时间与浮游植物动态关系的测定[j] . [24]

Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12 Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/2434f

M. Gophen

引用次数: 0

Hosts of the Parasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) for Medical, Veterinary and Economic Importance Collected in the State of Goiás, Brazil 巴西Goiás州收集的具有医学、兽医和经济价值的寄生蜂(膜翅目:姬蜂科)寄主

Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12 Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/3151f

C. Marchiori

引用次数: 0